Drugs online research references
J Cardiovasc Risk. 2003 Dec;10(6):420-8.
Relationship of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy to mortality and cardiovascular morbidity in high-risk patients.
Lonn E, Mathew J, Pogue J, Johnstone D, Danisa K, Bosch J, Baird MD M, Dagenais G, Sleight P, Yusuf S; On behalf of the Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) Study investigators.
Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario.
SUMMARY: BACKGROUND The prognostic significance of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) identified by simple electrocardiographic (ECG) criteria in high-risk patients with established cardiovascular (CV) diseases is not clearly understood.DESIGN AND METHODS The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) trial was a randomized trial, which evaluated the effects of ramipril and of vitamin E on major CV outcomes in 9541 men and women aged 55 years or older with a history of coronary artery disease, stroke, peripheral vascular disease or diabetes mellitus with at least one additional CV risk factor. Patients were followed for an average of 4.5 years. We evaluated the association between simple ECG criteria for LVH and the risk for major vascular events, for CV and all-cause mortality and for heart failure.RESULTS Electrocardiographic LVH was present in 793 (8.3%) HOPE study participants. Of these, 19.0% sustained a major CV event (MI, stroke or CV death), 15.6% died and 6.1% developed heart failure compared with 15.6%, 10.8% and 2.9% respectively of those without ECG-LVH (P = 0.0023; P < 0.0001 and P < 0.0001). In multivariate analysis ECG-LVH was an independent predictor of CV and all-cause death and of heart failure.CONCLUSIONS In patients with CV disease simple, easily applicable ECG criteria for LVH identify a subset of individuals at particularly high risk for death and for heart failure.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=14671464&dopt=Abstract [PubMed - in process]
J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1987;10 Suppl 7:S129-32.
Tissue converting enzyme activity is low in the kidney of spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Welsch C, Giesen-Crouse EM, Schmidt M, Imbs JL.
Institut de Pharmacologie, INSERM U 206, CNRS UA 589, Faculte de Medecine, Strasbourg, France.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity was measured in the plasma, the kidney, and other organs of 5-, 8-, and 11-week-old spontaneously hypertensive male rats (SHR) of the Okamoto-Aoki strain and compared with that of age-matched Wistar-Kyoto (WKY, bred by Iffa-Credo) or normotensive Wistar rats. ACE activity was measured spectrofluorometrically, using the artificial substrate N-CBZ-L-phe-L-his-L-leu. ACE activity was constantly lower in the plasma and renal cortex of SHR from 5 weeks on than in WKY rats. This difference in the renal cortex ACE activity persisted after 1 h of open circuit perfusion of the isolated kidney with Krebs-Henseleit medium. On the other hand, there lung, the brain occipital cortex, or the abdominal aorta of hypertensive or normotensive rats. The percentage inhibition of ACE activity provoked by 7 days of oral administration of ramipril (Hoe 498, 1 mg/kg/day) was analogous in the kidneys and lungs of WKY rats and SHR. Enalapril (MK 421, 30 mg/kg/day) was equipotent to ramipril in the kidney but had lower inhibitory effects on the pulmonary ACE activities of WKY rats and SHR.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2485047&dopt=Abstract
J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1991;18 Suppl 2:S153-6.
Effects of ramipril on arterial hemodynamics.
Benetos A, Vasmant D, Thiery P, Safar M.
INSERM CJF 89-02, Hopital Broussais, Paris, France.
The acute and chronic arterial effects of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor ramipril were studied in hypertensive patients. Hemodynamic and biological parameters were measured 3 h after the first dose of 5 mg of ramipril, and then again after 4 weeks of treatment, 3 and 24 h after drug administration. Brachial and carotid artery hemodynamics were evaluated using a two-dimensional pulsed Doppler system. Arterial distensibility was studied noninvasively in three arterial segments (carotidofemoral, brachioradial, and femorotibial) by evaluating the pulse wave velocity. Ramipril lowered the blood pressure significantly after acute and chronic administration. Chronic treatment with ramipril was followed by a long-lasting increase in brachial artery diameter, a decrease in forearm vascular resistance, and an improvement in aortic distensibility. The other arterial segments studied did not show any significant changes. Our results suggest that the long-lasting arterial effects of the ACE inhibitor ramipril are partly pressure independent and are related to effects on arterial tone that may reduce the cardiovascular abnormalities associated with hypertension.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1725030&dopt=Abstract
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