Drugs online research references
Rofo Fortschr Geb Rontgenstr Neuen Bildgeb Verfahr. 1998 Nov;169(5):532-6.
[Intra-arterial application of the ACE inhibitor ramipril using a microperforated catheter for the prevention of neointimal proliferation after angioplasty in an animal model]
[Article in German]
Kalinowski M, Tepe G, Schieber A, Bruck B, Claussen CD, Duda SH.
Abteilung fur Radiologische Diagnostik, Eberhard-Karls-Universitat Tubingen.
PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and benefit of a high-dose local drug administration via a microporous balloon catheter to prevent neointimal formation after balloon angioplasty. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In New Zealand white rabbits (n = 29) neointima formation was induced by balloon denudation. Additionally, the animals were fed a 0.5% cholesterol diet for 6 weeks. Directly after the denudation, local application of 1.8 mg ramipril (n = 7) or saline (n = 7) via a microporous balloon catheter was performed. Other animals (n = 7) were treated with a systemic ramipril administration. One control group were exclusively fed with a cholesterol diet (n = 8). 6 weeks after intervention the animals were sacrificed and morphometry of the vessels was performed. RESULTS: Local administration of ramipril resulted in a non-significant reduction of 17%. The local administration mode was combined with a significant increase in neointima formation. Systemic ramipril administration resulted in a 66% reduction of plaque area. CONCLUSIONS: The benefit of the local ramipril administration was diminished by the inherent vessel trauma. Systemic ramipril administration resulted in a significant reduction of neointimal proliferation in New Zealand white rabbits.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9849606&dopt=Abstract
Ther Drug Monit. 1998 Dec;20(6):706-13.
Screening for the detection of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, their metabolites, and AT II receptor antagonists.
Maurer HH, Kraemer T, Arlt JW.
Department of Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Saarland, Homburg (Saar), Germany.
A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) screening procedure was developed for the detection of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, their metabolites, and angiotensin (AT) II receptor antagonists in urine as part of a systematic toxicologic analysis procedure for acidic drugs and poisons after extractive methylation. The part of the phase-transfer catalyst remaining in the organic phase was removed by solid phase extraction on a diol phase. The compounds were separated by capillary GC and identified by computerized MS in the full scan mode. Using mass chromatography with the ions m/z 157, 160, 172, 192, 204, 220, 234, 248, 249, and 262, the possible presence of ACE inhibitors, their metabolites, and AT II antagonists could be indicated. The identity of positive signals in such mass chromatograms was confirmed by comparison of the peaks underlying full mass spectra with the reference spectra recorded during this study. This method allowed detection of therapeutic concentrations of ACE inhibitors (benazepril, enalapril, perindopril, quinapril, ramipril, trandolapril, their metabolites, or both) and therapeutic concentrations of the AT II antagonist, valsartan, in human urine samples. Human urine samples were not available for testing cilazapril, moexipril, and losartan; they were detected only in rat urine. The overall recoveries of ACE inhibitors ranged between 80% and 88%, with a coefficient of variation (CV) of less than 10% and the limit of detection of at least 10 ng/ml (signal to noise ratio 3) in the full-scan mode. The overall recovery of the valsartan was 68%, with a CV of less than 10%; the limit of detection was at least 10 ng/ml (S/N 3) in the full scan mode.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9853992&dopt=Abstract
Hypertension. 1994 Jun;23(6 Pt 2):865-8.
Role of kinins and nitric oxide in the antihypertrophic effect of ramipril.
Rhaleb NE, Yang XP, Scicli AG, Carretero OA.
Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202-2689.
We examined the effect of non-antihypertensive doses of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor ramipril, kinins, and/or nitric oxide on left ventricular hypertrophy in rats with aortic coarctation. We investigated the effect of either HOE 140, a specific B2 receptor antagonist, or NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, on the antihypertrophic effect of ramipril at non-antihypertensive doses (10 micrograms/kg per day) failed to alter left ventricular hypertrophy significantly, although a small decrease was obtained. Given at a dose of 1 mg/kg per day for 6 weeks, ramipril prevented increased blood pressure and left ventricular hypertrophy after aortic coarctation. Neither of these effects was blocked by simultaneous administration of HOE 140 (500 micrograms/kg per day). In rats with aortic coarctation treated with L-NAME, blood pressure increased further but left ventricular weight did not. Ramipril (1 mg/kg per day) significantly reduced left ventricular hypertrophy, although blood pressure was still higher than in rats given water alone. The slope of the correlation between left ventricular weight and blood pressure in rats that received L-NAME was significantly lower than in rats that did not (0.52 versus 1.29; P = .008). This suggests that for each 1 mm Hg that the blood pressure increased, the increase in left ventricular weight was less in the L-NAME groups. Thus, only antihypertensive doses of ramipril possessed antihypertrophic activity. Kinins did not participate in the chronic antihypertensive and antihypertrophic effects of ramipril. In hypertension induced or aggravated by chronic nitric oxide synthase, L-NAME partially impaired development of left ventricular hypertrophy for reasons that are unclear.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7515854&dopt=Abstract
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