Drugs online research references
Eur J Pharmacol. 1999 May 7;372(1):65-73.
Role of protein kinase C and cAMP in fluoxetine effects on human T-cell proliferation.
Edgar VA, Sterin-Borda L, Cremaschi GA, Genaro AM.
Centro de Estudios Farmacologicos y Botanicos (CEFYBO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
In this work, we studied the effect of fluoxetine on human T-lymphocyte proliferation using optimal and suboptimal concanavalin A concentrations. In particular, we analyzed the influence of fluoxetine on the kinases that are involved in intracellular signalling after stimulation with mitogens. We found that fluoxetine promoted the Ca2+ -mediated proteolysis of protein kinase C (PKC) and increased cyclic-AMP (cAMP) levels, thereby impairing lymphocyte proliferation, when optimal concanavalin A concentrations were used. In contrast, when suboptimal concanavalin A concentrations were used, fluoxetine only increased PKC translocation, without modifying cAMP levels, leading to T-cell proliferation. According to our results, fluoxetine has a dual effect on T-cell proliferation by modulating the PKC and protein kinase A pathways. This mechanism is thought to be mediated through Ca2+ mobilization.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10374716&dopt=Abstract
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Life Sci. 1999;64(24):2239-45.
Pharmacological characterization of dopamine transport in cultured rat astrocytes.
Inazu M, Kubota N, Takeda H, Zhang J, Kiuchi Y, Oguchi K, Matsumiya T.
Department of Pharmacology, Tokyo Medical University, Japan.
The effects of GBR-12909 (selective DA uptake inhibitor), zimelidine (selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor) and nisoxetine (selective NE uptake inhibitor) on the uptake of 30 nM [3H]DA into cultured rat astrocytes were examined. [3H]DA uptake was inhibited by approximately 50% by GBR-12909 or zimelidine in a concentration-dependent manner (100 nM to approximately 10 microM). Furthermore, the inhibition curves of GBR-12909 were biphasic, and uptake was completely inhibited by a high concentration of GBR-12909 (100 microM). [3H]DA uptake was also inhibited by approximately 50% by nisoxetine in a concentration-dependent manner (0.1 to approximately 100 nM), and nisoxetine was more potent than GBR-12909 or zimelidine. The inhibitory potencies were in the order nisoxetine > GBR-12909 > zimelidine. The uptake of [3H]DA under Na+-free conditions was approximately 50% of that under normal conditions. Thus, DA was taken up by both Na+-dependent and Na+-independent mechanisms. Nisoxetine (100 nM), zimelidine (100 microM) and GBR-12909 (10 microM) inhibited [3H]DA uptake into astrocytes only in the presence of Na+. On the other hand, this uptake was completely inhibited by a high concentration of GBR-12909 (100 microM) in the absence of Na+. The present data suggest that the Na+-dependent uptake of [3H]DA in cultured rat astrocytes may occur in the NE uptake system. Furthermore, astrocytes express the extraneuronal monoamine transporter (uptake2), which is an Na+-independent system, and this transporter is involved in the inactivation of centrally released DA.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10374914&dopt=Abstract
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Biol Psychiatry. 1999 Apr 15;45(8):1030-4.
Evidence of a possible role of altered angiotensin function in the treatment, but not etiology, of depression.
Gard PR, Mandy A, Sutcliffe MA.
Faculty of Health, University of Brighton, Moulsecoomb, United Kingdom.
BACKGROUND: Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors are reportedly effective in the treatment of depression; furthermore, antidepressants decrease angiotensin function. It appears therefore that reduced angiotensin function may be important in the treatment of depression. The aims of this study were to elucidate the actions of antidepressants on angiotensin receptors; to investigate the antidepressant potential of an angiotensin antagonist; and to study angiotensin receptors in depressed puerperal women. METHODS: The effects of antidepressant drugs on angiotensin receptors and the relationship between mood and platelet receptors in puerperal women were investigated using radioligand binding. The antidepressant potential of the angiotensin antagonist losartan was assessed using the mouse forced swim test. RESULTS: Desipramine, but neither fluoxetine nor tranylcypromine, displaced angiotensin from its receptor; however, there was no significant relationship between receptor number and depressed mood. In the forced swim test losartan was shown to possess antidepressant like activity. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that antidepressants differ in the mechanism by which they reduce angiotensin function, but the link between antidepressants and angiotensin is reiterated by the demonstration that losartan possesses antidepressant like activity. There is, however, no evidence of abnormal angiotensin receptors in women with depressed mood postpartum.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10386186&dopt=Abstract
note: kwd match prozac online literature
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