Drugs online research references
Ter Arkh. 1984;56(9):41-6.
[Problems in selecting the optimal propranolol dose in treating patients with angina pectoris of effort and the comparative effectiveness of inderal, anaprilin and obzidan]
[Article in Russian]
Romakov AIu, Mazur NA.
Exercise tests were applied in 59 patients with coronary heart disease and angina pectoris of effort to screen the effective antianginal doses of inderal, anapriline and obsidan. The mean effective single dose of inderal was established to constitute 80 mg (from 40 to 200 mg). In the course of screening the effective antianginal doses of beta-adrenoblockers, it was demonstrated that one should not be guided by the negative chronotropic effect of the drugs, since it was of low informative value. As regards the intensity and duration of the antianginal effects, they were alike both after propranolol treatment given in a single dose and in courses. During individual screening of the effective antianginal doses of the drugs under comparison, no differences were found in the effects of inderal, anapriline and obsidan on the exercise tolerance, although some of the patients responded to higher doses of anapriline as compared to inderal. The drugs were established to exert a comparatively short-term antianginal action. In view of this fact it is desirable to administer the drugs four times a day in the majority of cases.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6515546&dopt=Abstract
far.ruu.nl
To study the possible transport routes which may lead to the presence of a drug in saliva, the concentration-time curves of the separate enantiomers of propranolol were measured in human saliva and plasma after oral administration of 10 mg of propranolol hydrochloride. Saliva samples were taken with the Salivette device. Plasma and saliva concentrations of the enantiomers of propranolol were determined by HPLC with fluorescence detection. The transport of propranolol from plasma to the salivary gland appears to be not stereospecific and not saturable. Therefore, there is no indication that the transport of propranolol to the salivary gland is active. The concentrations of both enantiomers of propranolol in saliva, however, were higher than those of both enantiomers in venous plasma. In the past this phenomenon was interpreted as an indication of active transport, but it could be explained by the fact that salivary concentration more closely reflects the central compartment than that of peripheral venous blood.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8634358&dopt=Abstract
Diabetologia. 1996 Feb;39(2):206-11.
Rapid formation of capillary endothelial cells in rat skeletal muscle after exposure to insulin.
Holmang A, Jennische E, Bjorntorp P.
Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Heart and Lung Diseases, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Goteborg, Sweden.
Research has suggested a role for insulin delivery through capillaries in muscle in the regulation of insulin sensitivity. Therefore, the formation and turn-over of capillary endothelial cells in muscle were studied in relation to exposure to moderately elevated insulin concentrations with or without concomitant increase of corticosterone concentrations. Female rats were exposed to a moderate, physiological hyperinsulinaemia (approximately 450 pmol/l) for 24 h 48 h, 3 days, 7 days and 7 weeks. Propranolol was used to inhibit elevated adrenergic activity. In one insulin-exposed group, corticosterone secretion was controlled by adrenalectomy with substitution of corticosterone to maintain normal concentrations, while another group was left with adrenal corticosterone secretion intact. Rats were exposed to insulin with controlled, non-elevated corticosterone concentrations after adrenalectomy and corticosterone substitution; compared to controls, the number of mitoses in capillary endothelial cells in the soleus and extensor digitorum longus muscle were approximately doubled after 24 h, reaching a maximum, about fivefold higher than controls, after 3 days. After 7 weeks of insulin exposure there were no longer any significant differences between control and insulin-exposed rats. The number of capillaries per unit muscle surface area was moderately (10-15%) but significantly increased at 7 days (only the extensor digitorum longus muscle) and 7 weeks (the extensor digitorum longus and the soleus muscles). In rats exposed to insulin, with intact adrenals, endogenous corticosterone production resulted in concentrations about threefold higher than in rats adrenalectomized with subsequent corticosterone substitution. In these rats the increase in mitoses in capillary endothelium was totally abolished. The results of this study suggest that exposure to insulin in this rat model is followed by a dramatic short-term increase in the formation of new capillary endothelial cells in muscle. It is also suggested that this growth factor-like effect of insulin is abolished by corticosterone. It is suggested that insulin and corticosterone exert opposite effects on the capillary network in muscles, which might be important for the insulin supply to this tissue, and hence for regulation of insulin sensitivity.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8635673&dopt=Abstract
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