Drugs online research references
Am J Physiol. 1993 Feb;264(2 Pt 2):R281-9.
Evaluation of renal hormones in natriuresis induced by renal arterial saline infusion.
Bullivant EM, Munoz DJ.
Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
Low rates of unilateral renal arterial infusion with isotonic saline (154 mM NaCl) produce a natriuresis in both kidneys in anesthetized rats, with the involvement of a blood-borne factor. We investigated whether this response was modulated by known renal or adrenal hormones. The response to saline infusion at 0.05 ml/min was tested after acute adrenalectomy (n = 7), in the presence of various blocking agents [captopril (3 mg.kg-1.h-1, n = 7), indomethacin (5 mg/kg, n = 8), aprotinin (25 KIU/min, n = 8), propranolol (1 micrograms/min, n = 6), or benserazide (15 micrograms/min, n = 6)], and after lignocaine infusion around the renal artery (12.5 micrograms/min, n = 5). In all cases, the overall increase in sodium excretion by both kidneys was not significantly less (alpha < or = 0.01) than that in untreated rats; it was increased by aprotinin, renal nerve blockade, and propranolol. Plasma levels of angiotensin II, aldosterone, and atrial natriuretic peptide were unchanged by renal arterial saline infusion. We conclude that the saline-induced natriuresis is not reduced by inhibition of the production of angiotensin II, prostaglandins, kinins, dopamine, or adrenal hormones, or by factors released by the renal nerves, indicating that none of these is directly responsible for the saline-induced natriuresis.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8447484&dopt=Abstract
Pharm Res. 1993 Feb;10(2):294-9.
Selective effect of adjuvant arthritis on the disposition of propranolol enantiomers in rats detected using a stereospecific HPLC assay.
Piquette-Miller M, Jamali F.
Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
Nonstereospecific studies have indicated that the pharmacokinetics of propranolol (PR) are altered in inflammatory conditions such as arthritis. However, as the kinetics and dynamics of PR are stereoselective, we examined the effect of adjuvant arthritis (AA) on the disposition of the individual enantiomers. A novel normal-phase stereospecific HPLC assay for PR was developed involving chiral derivatization with S-(naphthyl)ethyl isocyanate and fluorescence detection. Oral and iv doses of racemic PR were administered to control and AA rats (n = 6). AA had no significant effect on either clearance or S:R ratio after iv doses. On the other hand, after oral doses, clearance was significantly decreased in AA. Although significant for both enantiomers, this effect was more pronounced on the less active R-enantiomer. The AUC R:S ratio was, therefore, significantly altered (AA, 14 +/- 3.0; control, 4.3 +/- 1.2). Increased total (S+R) plasma concentrations of PR in AA, possibly due to a reduced intrinsic clearance, therefore, reflect mainly increased concentrations of the less active R-enantiomer.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8456080&dopt=Abstract
J Auton Nerv Syst. 1993 Mar;42(3):215-23.
Reflex vasodilatation in the cat lip evoked by stimulation of vagal afferents.
Izumi H, Karita K.
Department of Physiology, Tohoku University School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan.
In 36 cats under nembutal anaesthesia, stimulation of the central end of the cut vagus nerve caused blood flow to increase in only the ipsilateral side in six cats (17%) and in the bilateral sides in 30 cats (83%) in the lower lips. Pretreatment with hexamethonium to block nicotinic synapses in autonomic ganglia resulted in a time-dependent reduction of the reflex vasodilator response, while phentolamine, propranolol (alpha-, beta-adrenoreceptor antagonists) and tripelennamine (histamine receptor antagonist) had no effect. Pretreatment with atropine (muscarinic receptor antagonist) showed a slight, but not statistically insignificant attenuation of the reflex vasodilatation. Ipsilateral section of either the glossopharyngeal nerve root or the inferior alveolar nerve completely abolished the reflex vasodilator response elicited by central vagal stimulation. The reflex vasodilator response induced by stimulation of the central end of the cut vagus nerve was abolished by topical capsaicin application on the central cut ends of the vagus nerve but not by capsaicin on the inferior alveolar nerve. These results suggest that there is a cutaneous reflex vasodilator system that can be activated via capsaicin-sensitive afferent fibres in the vagus nerve. Parasympathetic vasodilator fibres of this system emerge from the brain stem with the glossopharyngeal nerve and reach the blood vessels in the cat mandibular lip via the inferior alveolar nerve.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8459095&dopt=Abstract
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