Drugs online research references
J Clin Invest. 1986 Sep;78(3):771-8.
Enzymatic adaptation to physical training under beta-blockade in the rat. Evidence of a beta 2-adrenergic mechanism in skeletal muscle.
Ji LL, Lennon DL, Kochan RG, Nagle FJ, Lardy HA.
Nonselective and beta 1-selective adrenergic antagonists were tested for their effects on enzymatic adaptation to exercise training in rats as follows: trained + placebo (TC); trained + propranolol (TP); trained + atenolol (TA); and corresponding sedentary groups, SC and SP. Trained rats ran 1 h/d at 26.8 m/min, 15% grade, 5 d/wk, 10 wk. Both beta-antagonists were given at doses that decreased exercise heart rates by 25%. Training increased skeletal muscle citrate synthase, cytochrome c oxidase (Cyt-Ox), carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT), beta-hydroxyacyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase, mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase (MDH), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities significantly in the TC group, but not in TP. These enzyme activities, except Cyt-Ox and CPT, were also significantly increased in TA. Hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity did not alter with training or beta-blockade. Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase activity was lower in TC than in SC, but unchanged in TP or TA. Hepatic mitochondrial MDH and ALT activities increased with training only in TC. It is concluded that beta 2-adrenergic mechanisms play an essential role in the training-induced enzymatic adaptation in skeletal muscle.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2875082&dopt=Abstract
Biull Eksp Biol Med. 1987 Jul;104(7):23-6.
[Effect of adaptation to physical loading on the adrenoreactivity of the isolated rat atrium]
[Article in Russian]
Chinkin AS, Shimkovich MV.
The experiments on the isolated atria of rats, previously adapted to swimming exercises, have established a significant decrease in the heart rate and an increase in positive inotropic effect of noradrenaline (4 X 10(-7) and 6 X 10(-7) M). After beta-adrenoceptor blockade with propranolol (2 X 10(-6) M) the inotropic effect of an alpha-adrenoceptor agonist mezaton on the isolated atrium of the adapted rats was greater than in nonadapted controls.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3620641&dopt=Abstract
Gen Pharmacol. 1999 May;32(5):557-62.
Atypical beta-adrenoceptors of rat thoracic aorta.
Shafiei M, Mahmoudian M.
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran.
The possible existence of atypical beta-adrenoceptors in vascular smooth muscle of rat isolated thoracic aorta was investigated. Isoprenaline (10(-8)-10(-4) M) produced concentration-dependent relaxation of phenylephrine (10(-5) M) precontracted rings of endothelium-denuded rat aorta in vitro. Isoprenaline-induced relaxation was resistant to blockade by atenolol (10(-6) M). But, propranolol (2 x 10(-7) M) caused a non-competitive inhibition and SR 59230A (6.6 x 10(-6) M), a beta3-adrenoceptor selective antagonist, failed to produce additional antagonism in presence of propranolol. BRL 37344 (10(-8)-10(-4) M), a beta3-selective agonist, did not relax ring segments precontracted with phenylephrine (10(-5) M) in the absence of endothelium. The non-conventional partial agonist (-)-cyanopindolol (5 x 10(-6)-10(-4) M) induced a marked relaxation in phenylephrine (10(-5)M) precontracted aortic rings without endothelium. This vasodilation was resistant to blockade by propranolol (2 x 10(-7) M) and SR 59230A (10(-5) M). Salbutamol (10(-8)-10(-4) M) produced concentration-dependent relaxation in isolated endothelium-denuded aortic rings precontracted with phenylephrine (10(-5) M). Propranolol (2 x 10(-7) M), but not atenolol (10(-6) M), inhibited this relaxant response. It is concluded that in endothelium-denuded thoracic aorta, salbutamol acts through beta2-adrenoceptors whereas isoprenaline seems to activate both beta2-adrenoceptors and an atypical beta-adrenergic receptor. This atypical beta-adrenoceptor is distinct from putative beta3-adrenoceptor and maybe resembles the reported fourth cardiac beta-adrenoceptor.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10382857&dopt=Abstract
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