Drugs online research references
Pulm Pharmacol. 1993 Dec;6(4):237-9.
Potential species dependency for the pulmonary antiallergic effects of aerosolized heparin.
Howell RE, Woeppel SL.
Inflammation/Bone Metabolism Division, Wyeth Ayerst Research, Princeton, New Jersey 08543.
The inhibition of antigen aerosol-induced bronchoconstriction by heparin aerosol pretreatment has been demonstrated in conscious sheep. Therefore, we investigated the effect of heparin aerosol pretreatment on antigen aerosol-induced bronchoconstriction in anaesthetized and ventilated guinea-pigs. In one study all animals were pretreated with propranolol and indomethacin in order to produce a large bronchoconstriction, whereas in a second study this pretreatment was omitted in order to produce a smaller bronchoconstriction. In both studies aerosolized heparin failed to inhibit antigen aerosol-induced bronchoconstriction, whether delivered at 1, 10 and 100 mg/ml 10 min prior to antigen challenge or delivered at 50 mg/ml 60 min prior to antigen challenge. In contrast, salbutamol aerosol pretreatment (1 mg/ml, delivered 10 min prior to antigen challenge) produced a near-maximum inhibition of antigen aerosol-induced bronchoconstriction. These results suggest that the pulmonary antiallergic effects of aerosolized heparin are potentially species dependent.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8148576&dopt=Abstract
Exp Eye Res. 1993 Dec;57(6):747-51.
DL-propranolol inhibits lens hexokinase activity and affects lens optics.
Dovrat A, Horwitz J, Sivak JG, Weinreb O, Scharf J, Silbermann M.
B. Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel.
A clinico-biochemical study indicated that the beta-blocker DL-propranolol may affect human lens epithelial hexokinase (HK) activity. In that study five key enzymes were analysed in 192 freshly excised human lens epithelia obtained during cataract surgery. In a large number of patients the epithelial HK was found to be inactive. Medical records of these patients showed widespread use of the drug DL-propranolol. In vitro experiments demonstrated a direct inhibitory effect of the drug on human lens HK activity. Lens refractive function was monitored during long term bovine lens culture experiments in which the potential cataractogenic agent was added to the culture media. DL-propranolol in a concentration of 0.1 mM reduced HK activity in bovine lens epithelium after 72 hr in organ culture and disrupted lens light focusing ability after 250 hr of incubation. Kinetic studies of HK inhibition suggested a competitive inhibitory effect of the drug on the enzyme.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8150026&dopt=Abstract
Am J Med. 1978 Oct;65(4):575-83.
Comparison of the effects of sleep, exercise and autonomic drugs on ventricular extrasystoles, using ambulatory monitoring of electrocardiogram and electroencephalogram.
Pickering TG, Johnston J, Honour AJ.
Ambulatory monitoring of the electrocardiogram (ECG) and the electroencephalogram (EEG) in 12 untreated patients with frequent ventricular extrasystoles showed a significant decrease in both ventricular extrasystoles and heart rate during sleep. The decrease in ventricular extrasystoles correlated more closely with the change in heart rate than with the level of arousal. During wakefulness, similar changes in ventricular extrasystoles and heart rate could be produced by the intravenous administration of propranolol and, to a lesser extent, by phenylephrine. Exercise produced an initial increase in ventricular extrasystoles, with suppression at higher levels in most patients. Thus, the frequency of ventricular extrasystoles is usually reduced at both extremes of heart rate, and the changes that occur during sleep can be explained by autonomic mediation, with the sympathetic limb of the autonomic nervous system having a greater effect than the vagus.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=81611&dopt=Abstract
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