Drugs online research references
Clin Sci (Lond). 1980 Dec;59 Suppl 6:453s-455s.
beta-Adrenoreceptor-blocking agents and the blood-brain barrier.
Cruickshank JM, Neil-Dwyer G, Cameron MM, McAinsh J.
1. Sixteen neurosurgical patients received (oral) beta-adrenoreceptor-blocking agents (beta-receptor blockers) for 3-22 days. 2. Lipophilic beta-receptor blockers (propranolol) and metoprolol appeared in cerebrospinal fluid at concentrations similar to the free drug plasma concentration. 3. Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of beta-receptor blockers were poor predictors of brain concentrations. 4. Both lipophilic beta-receptor blockers appeared in high concentrations in the brain: the brain/plasma ratio was approximately 15:1. 5. Hydrophilic atenolol appeared at low concentrations in brain tissue (about 20 times lower than the lipophilic beta-receptor blockers): the brain/plasma ratio was approximately 0.1:1. 6. Central nervous system-related side effects associated mainly with lipophilic beta-receptor blockers possibly result from high brain tissue concentrations.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7449299&dopt=Abstract
Eur J Cardiol. 1980;11(6):413-24.
Response time and heart rate in coronary patients under mild mental stress.
Sideris DA, Nanas JN, Thomakos S, Moulopoulos SD.
A mild mental stress was applied on 39 normal people and on 33 patients with coronary artery disease. The test consisted in their selecting the proper switch out of 2, in order to switch off a lamp out of 3 as soon as possible after its ignition. The 3 lamps were lit by the examiner in a stereotyped random sequence. No consequences were implied against the subjects in case of failure and this was clearly explained to them. The response time of the people was recorded together with their electrocardiogram in a one-channel recorder using a suitable circuitry. The study showed that the response time became progressively shorter during the test only in the coronary group, although the mean value did not differ significantly from that in the normal group. The R-R interval was shortened in both groups but in the coronary group significantly more so than in the normal group. Pretreatment with diazepam reversed both responses of the coronary group. Pretreatment with propranolol mitigated the tachycardiac effect of the test in the coronary group, reversed its effect in the normal group and shortened the response time significantly in the normal group. The objective time measurements by the device used might suggest that in patients with coronary artery disease both the specific (response time) and the nonspecific (R-R interval) behaviour in response to a mental stress differ from that in normal people. This behaviour may be modified by medicaments like diazepam and propranolol.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7449806&dopt=Abstract
G Ital Cardiol. 1980;10(1):18-23.
[The effects of the stellate ganglion electrostimulation on the coronary circulation of the dog (author's transl)]
[Article in Italian]
Rengo F, Volpe M, Ricciardelli B, Morrone G, Chiariello M, Trimarco B, Condorelli M.
In this study we have investigated the effects of the stellate ganglion electrostimulation on the perfusion pressure of coronary vascular bed perfused at constant flow. We always observed systemic hypertension and two kinds of response in the coronary district: vasodilatation or vasoconstriction. These responses were blocked by propranolol and phentolamine i.a. administration respectively, while both the phenomena were blocked by i.v. infection of guanethidine. These results seem to suggest that nervous sympathetic stimulation induces catecholamines release by means of either pregangliar adrenergic fibers directed to coronary vessels either postgangliar adrenergic fibres directed to the myocardium. The occurrence of vasodilatation or vasoconstriction could be explained by the prevalent stimulation of myocardial or coronary adrenoceptors.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7461303&dopt=Abstract
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