Drugs online research references
ASDC J Dent Child. 1992 Jul-Aug;59(4):306-12.
The assessment of two oral sedation drug regimens in pediatric dental patients.
Sams DR, Thornton JB, Wright JT.
Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Medical College of Georgia.
Oral sedation remains a common method for managing uncooperative and/or extremely fearful pediatric patients requiring dental treatment. The purpose of this retrospective review is to report on the adverse reactions associated with the use of two oral sedation drug regimens commonly employed in pediatric dental patients. Of a combined total of 73 different patient records, 112 sedation cases from the pediatric dental program at the University of Alabama School of Dentistry were reviewed for this report. The two drug regimens were (1) chloral hydrate/promethazine and (2) meperidine/promethazine. Documentation was taken from the sedation cases, which included the following: (1) age, (2) weight, (3) the drug regimen and dosages, (4) the use of nitrous oxide, (5) the effectiveness rating of each sedation, and (6) adverse reactions. The adverse reactions included emesis and oxygen desaturation (hypoxemia) the latter being determined by the use of a pulse oximeter. The results of the study revealed that approximately 48 percent of the sedation cases with pulse oximetry recordings experienced mild to moderate hypoxemia, and in 6.2 percent of the cases, emesis occurred. The review and statistical analysis of the sedation ratings using the nonparametric analog of the t-test indicated no significant difference of effectiveness between the two drug regimens. This study shows that oxygen desaturation occurs frequently in pediatric dental patients being treated with conscious oral sedation techniques and that the prevalence of adverse reactions was similar for the drug regimens evaluated.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1430504&dopt=Abstract
Aviat Space Environ Med. 1987 Aug;58(8):773-6.
Treatment of severe motion sickness with antimotion sickness drug injections.
Graybiel A, Lackner JR.
This report concerns the use of intramuscular injections of scopolamine, promethazine, and dramamine to treat severely motion sick individuals participating in parabolic flight experiments. The findings indicate that a majority of individuals received benefit from 50-mg injections of promethazine or 0.5mg-injections of scopolamine. By contrast, 50-mg injections of dramamine and 25-mg injections of promethazine were nonbeneficial. The use of antimotion drug injections for treating space motion sickness is discussed.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3632537&dopt=Abstract
Aviat Space Environ Med. 1984 Feb;55(2):113-6.
Side effects of antimotion sickness drugs.
Wood CD, Manno JE, Manno BR, Redetzki HM, Wood M, Vekovius WA.
The possible influence on operational proficiency of the side effects of the anti-motion sickness drugs was investigated using a computerized pursuit meter as the test device. The medications and doses tested were scopolamine (Hyoscine) 0.25 mg and 0.50 mg oral doses, promethazine (Phenergan) 25 mg oral and 25 mg I.M. doses. Combinations of promethazine 25 mg with 10 mg d-amphetamine (Dexadrine) oral were also used, as was a combination of promethazine 25 mg oral with promethazine 25 mg I.M. and 10 mg of oral d-amphetamine. The proficiency on the pursuit meter task was not significantly altered by 0.25 mg or 0.50 mg doses of scopolamine. The combination of promethazine 25 mg oral with 10 mg d-amphetamine did not produce a significant decrement of performance. When promethazine 25 mg was given as an oral or I.M. dose without amphetamine the decrement of performance was significant and was approximately equivalent to an alcohol blood level of 25-50 mg% (one-two drinks). When a combination of promethazine 25 mg oral plus promethazine 25 mg I.M. with 10 mg d-amphetamine was tested, the error scores were significantly lower than with the oral or I.M. dose of promethazine. This combination also produced an error score significantly higher than placebo level. Promethazine by the I.M. route was slowly absorbed and 6 of the 10 subjects reported drowsiness at 6 h post injection.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6696702&dopt=Abstract
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