Drugs online research references
Int Urol Nephrol. 1990;22(5):405-11.
Synergistic effect of promethazine with gentamycin in frequently recurring pyelonephritis.
Molnar J, Haszon I, Bodrogi T, Martonyi E, Turi S.
Department of Microbiology, Szent-Gyorgyi Albert University Medical School, Szeged, Hungary.
The effects of promethazine were studied in children with frequently recurring pyelonephritis which was not associated with urological abnormalities. The results of three methods of treatment were compared: 10 children were given a combination of gentamycin and promethazine for 7 days (Group 1), 11 received gentamycin treatment alone for 10 days (Group 2), and 19 (Group 3) were on long-term oral antibiotic prophylaxis (5.6 +/- 2.1 years) with episodes of intensive treatment of recurrences. In a 3-year follow-up period, the number of pyelonephritis recurrences was significantly lower in Group 1 than in Groups 2 and 3. Six out of 19 children in Group 3 had renal scarring. The authors suggest a synergistic effect between gentamycin and promethazine therapy. Promethazine increases antibiotic sensitivity, which could contribute to the elimination of recurring urinary tract infections.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2076929&dopt=Abstract
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1990 Sep;163(3):787-94.
Magnesium sulfate and promethazine do not interact to cause hypotension in gravid ewes.
Pollack KL, Chestnut DH, Weiner CP, Thompson CS, DeBruyn CS.
Department of Anesthesia, University of Iowa, College of Medicine, IowaCity.
The purpose of this study was to determine whether magnesium sulfate and promethazine interact to cause hypotension in gravid ewes. Fifteen experiments were performed in five chronically instrumented animals between 125 and 130 days of timed gestation (term = 145 days). In one group of experiments each animal received magnesium sulfate (4 gm intravenous bolus followed by 4 gm/hr intravenous infusion) then promethazine (50 mg intravenously). In a second group each animal received magnesium sulfate then saline solution as a control. In a third group each animal received saline solution then promethazine. Infusion of magnesium sulfate increased the mean (+/- SEM) serum magnesium concentration to 5.7 +/- 0.6 and 6.6 +/- 0.6 mg/dl in the magnesium sulfate-promethazine and magnesium sulfate-saline solution groups, respectively. Magnesium sulfate slightly decreased maternal mean arterial pressure (p less than 0.05) and increased cardiac output (p less than 0.05) in both the magnesium sulfate-promethazine and magnesium sulfate-saline solution groups. Otherwise there were no significant changes in maternal mean arterial pressure or cardiac output in any group. Promethazine increased maternal heart rate (p = 0.0001) in both the magnesium sulfate-promethazine and saline solution-promethazine groups. Magnesium sulfate increased uterine blood flow (p less than 0.01) in both the magnesium sulfate-promethazine and magnesium sulfate-saline solution groups, but promethazine blunted the increase in uterine blood flow associated with magnesium sulfate. Similarly, magnesium sulfate decreased uterine vascular resistance (p less than 0.01) in both the magnesium sulfate-promethazine and magnesium sulfate-saline solution groups, but promethazine eliminated the decrease in uterine vascular resistance associated with magnesium sulfate. Maternal and fetal arterial blood gas and acid-base values did not change in any group, except that there was a small, near-significant decrease (p = 0.06) in fetal pH 10 minutes after promethazine was given in the magnesium sulfate-promethazine group. We conclude that magnesium sulfate and promethazine did not interact to cause maternal hypotension in normovolemic gravid ewes. However, promethazine increased maternal heart rate and blunted the increase in uterine blood flow associated with magnesium sulfate.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2403157&dopt=Abstract
J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1989 Sep;250(3):779-87.
Discriminative stimulus properties of histamine H1-antagonists in animals trained to discriminate d-amphetamine or pentobarbital.
Evans SM, Johanson CE.
Department of Psychiatry, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Illinois.
Pigeons were trained to discriminate i.m. administered d-amphetamine (AMPH) or pentobarbital (PB) from saline with responding maintained under a fixed-ratio 30 schedule of food delivery. Rhesus monkeys were trained to discriminate intragastrically administered AMPH or PB from saline using a signaled shock-avoidance trial procedure. In AMPH-trained pigeons the histamine H1-antagonists tripelennamine, diphenhydramine and chlorpheniramine consistently produced greater than 80% AMPH-appropriate responding. Pyrilamine substituted for AMPH in two of three pigeons. In contrast, chlorcyclizine, hydroxyzine, promethazine and the histamine H2-antagonist cimetidine all failed to produce AMPH-appropriate responding. None of the histamine H1-antagonists tested substituted for PB in PB-trained pigeons. In AMPH-trained monkeys, only tripelennamine completely substituted for AMPH. Whereas chlorpheniramine, diphenhydramine and pyrilamine did not produce AMPH-appropriate responding in monkeys, these compounds did produce observable excitation and convulsions. As with the PB-trained pigeons, none of the histamine H1-antagonists tested substituted for PB in monkeys. The results of the present study demonstrate that histamine H1-antagonists have differential discriminative stimulus properties in both pigeons and monkeys. Specifically, histamine H1-antagonists known to produce more central nervous system stimulation in humans share discriminative stimulus properties with AMPH and/or produce observable signs of stimulation in monkeys.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2570867&dopt=Abstract
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