Drugs online research references
J Appl Physiol. 1976 Apr;40(4):549-58.
Circulatory effects of prolonged hypoxia before and during antihistamine.
Levasseur JE, Kontos HA, Richardson DW, Patterson JL Jr.
Five chronically instrumented healthy dogs were exposed to a 5-day period of breathing 10% oxygen in a chamber. The response to hypoxia was found to be time dependent. During the first 24 h of hypoxia the circulatory response was characterized by increases in cardiac output, heart rate, pulmonary and systemic arterial blood pressures, and pulmonary vascular resistance. Systemic vascular resistance increased; left atrial pressure decreased. During the early part of hypoxia the animals became hypocapnic; the arterial blood pH rose significantly. During the rest of the hypoxic period cardiac output, heart rate, and arterial blood pH returned to the control values; pulmonary and systemic arterial pressures and pulmonary vascular resistance remained significantly elevated. Systemic vascular resistance rose; left atrial pressure remained below control. This response to hypoxia was not substantially modified when the experiment was repeated during the administration of the antihistamine promethazine, an H1-receptor blocking agent, in a dose which blocked the pulmonary vasoconstrictor response to small doses of exogenous histamine. The circulatory response to acute hypoxia in five anesthetized dogs was not modified by intravenous administration of metiamide, an H2-receptor blocking agent.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6419&dopt=Abstract
Biull Eksp Biol Med. 1991 Jun;111(6):627-9.
[Potentiation by promethazine of hypotensive effects of adrenergic drugs on intraocular pressure]
[Article in Russian]
Ermakova VN, Babizhaev MA, Bunin AIa.
Experiments including previous installations of promethazine (pipolphen) into the conjunctival sac followed by the topical administration of beta-adrenergic blocker timolol or a sympathomimetic drug isoptoepinal (adrenaline) have been performed on 24 rabbits (48 eyes). The substantial changes in the action mode of the mentioned drugs as the enhancement of their hypotensive effect on the intraocular pressure (IOP) have been demonstrated under the performance of the above mentioned procedure. When applied after promethazine instillations, timolol induced significantly increased outflow facility of the aqueous humor that was not usually noted in the cases of timolol topical instillations without a pretreatment of the eye with promethazine. The similar increased hypotensive effect on the IOP was noted for adrenaline when it has been used after promethazine treatment. The possible mechanisms underlying the changes in pharmacological activities of the investigated adrenergic drugs are discussed.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1680016&dopt=Abstract
J Chromatogr. 1985 Apr 12;339(1):105-15.
Determination of promethazine in human plasma by automated high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection and by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Leelavathi DE, Dressler DE, Soffer EF, Yachetti SD, Knowles JA.
A highly specific and sensitive method using automated high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ED) and a method using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) have been developed for the quantitative determination of promethazine in plasma. The lowest detectable concentration by HPLC-ED is 0.1 ng/ml of plasma and by GC-MS 0.5 ng/ml of plasma. The HPLC-ED method incorporates a valve switching unit to prevent all of the electroactive impurities from entering the electrode compartment, thus maintaining the sensitivity of the detector for the analyses of large numbers of samples. The GC-MS method incorporates the highly specific selected-ion monitoring technique. Plasmas derived from healthy subjects each given a single 50-mg oral dose of promethazine were analyzed by both HPLC-ED and GC-MS. The two methods compare favorably with a correlation coefficient of 0.92 and a slope of 1.059. While both methods are suitable for studying single-dose pharmacokinetics of promethazine, the automated HPLC-ED method has a decided advantage in being more sensitive and suitable for unattended overnight analyses of the large number of samples encountered in pharmacokinetic studies. The specificity of the HPLC-ED method is demonstrated by comparison to the GC-MS analysis of biological samples.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=4019661&dopt=Abstract
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