Drugs online research references
Anticancer Res. 1998 Jul-Aug;18(4C):3107-11.
Tomato lectin labels the 180 kD glycoform of P-glycoprotein in rat brain capillary endothelia and mdr tumor cells.
Fakla I, Hever A, Molnar J, Fischer J.
Department of Biochemistry, Albert Szent-Gyorgyi Medical University, Szeged, Hungary.
Two main isoforms of P-glycoproteins can be distinguished according to their solubility in ionic and non-ionic detergents. Studies on mdr cell lines and brain capillary vessels support the evidence that tomato lectin reveals high affinity binding to the oligosaccharide chains of the SDS soluble isoform of P-glycoprotein, but not to the non-ionic detergent soluble isoform. Thus the SDS-soluble isoform represents a glycoform having polylactosamines in its oligosaccharide chains. The function of these oligosaccharides is still unknown, although the carbohydrate chains of P-glycoprotein were believed to take part in correct protein folding only. We also demonstrated that lectin binding to the extracellular lactosamine sequences of drug efflux pump does not change its efficiency on mdr cell lines, but interferes with the inhibitory action of some drugs, such as verapamil and promethazine. In accordance with earlier findings we assume that carbohydrate chains might be involved in stabilization of the active conformation of efflux pump. The possible role of lectin treatment in maintaining P-glycoprotein mediated blood-brain barrier functions has to be proved in further investigations.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9713518&dopt=Abstract
Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 1998 Aug;8(3):195-201.
A primate model of anxiety.
Palit G, Kumar R, Chowdhury SR, Gupta MB, Saxena RC, Srimal RC, Dhawan BN.
Department of Pharmacology, K.Gs Medical College, Lucknow, India.
Pentylenetetrazol (PTZ; 30 mg/kg, i.m.) produced an acute anxiogenic effect on the behaviour of a social colony of rhesus monkeys acclimatized to laboratory conditions. The animals exhibited hypervigilance, aggressiveness, tachypnea, piloerection and frequent change of posture and also had raised plasma cortisol levels. These effects of PTZ were antagonized by benzodiazepines (diazepam; 1 mg/kg, i.v. and alprazolam; 0.05 mg/kg, p.o.). Non-benzodiazepine anxiolytic drug (buspirone; 10 mg/kg, p.o.) blocked the behavioural effects but not the rise in plasma cortisol concentration. On the other hand, pretreatment with hypnosedative (promethazine; 5 mg/kg, i.m.) or anticonvulsant (sodium valproate; 40 mg/kg, p.o.) agents did not attenuate the effects of PTZ indicating the specificity of its anxiogenic response. The model, thus, seems suitable for evaluation of potential anxiolytic agents.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9716313&dopt=Abstract
J Clin Pharmacol. 1994 Jun;34(6):649-51.
A retrospective study of promethazine and its failure to produce the expected incidence of sedation during space flight.
Bagian JP, Ward DF.
Astronaut Office, NASA-Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas 77058, USA.
Since March 1989, intramuscular (IM) promethazine has been successfully used to treat the symptoms of space motion sickness. The incidence of sedation associated with promethazine administration on the ground is large and may result in operational impact. The authors undertook a retrospective study to quantify the incidence of sedation from promethazine use during Space Shuttle flights. Crew medical debriefings from 14 shuttle missions were reviewed for crew members who had been treated with IM promethazine and their corresponding symptoms were identified. Twenty-one crew members received IM promethazine (25-50 mg), and only one experienced any associated sedation with no operational impact. This sedation incidence of less that 5% is in stark contrast to the 60 to 73% incidence of sedation seen in ground-based studies. The incidence of sedation during space flight from IM promethazine is substantially less than that seen on the ground and does not present an operational problem during Space Shuttle flights. Future investigations of environmental stressors and pharmacodynamic changes associated with space flight may explain the huge disparity between the space-flight and ground-based data.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9766972&dopt=Abstract
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