Drugs online research references
Free Radic Res. 1997 Nov;27(5):501-4.
A peroxidase-catalyzed sulfoxidation of promethazine.
Galzigna L, Schiappelli MP, Scarpa M, Rigo A.
Department of Biological Chemistry and Institute of Laboratory Medicine, University of Padua, Padova, Italy.
Lactoperoxidase, when incubated with increasing amounts of promethazine (P) and promethazine sulfoxide (PO) catalyzes the formation of promethazine sulfoxide accompanied by oxygen consumption. An intermediate radical of PO can be detected by electron spin resonance (ESR). Catalase or superoxide dismutase do not inhibit the reaction while dopamine does. The lactoperoxidase-catalyzed formation of dopaminochrome in the presence of hydrogen peroxide is inhibited by P. Both P and PO inhibit acetyl- and butyrylcholinesterase. Purified enzymes were used throughout the study and horseradish peroxidase but not myeloperoxidase had an activity similar to that of lactoperoxidase.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9518066&dopt=Abstract
Headache. 1998 Feb;38(2):105-11.
Acute treatment of periodic severe headache: comparison of three outpatient care facilities.
Linbo L, Bartleson JD, Morgan-Thompson D, Greff L, Naessens JM.
Department of Neurology, Mayo Medical Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
We compared treatment of patients with episodic, severe, migraine-vascular headaches in three outpatient settings associated with a major medical center: the Charlton Outpatient Therapy Center (COTC), a dedicated transfusion and injection facility which provides treatment based on physician orders written in advance of the patient's visit; a walk-in Urgent Care Center (UCC); and a traditional hospital emergency trauma unit (ETU). For a 7-month period in 1995, all patient visits for acute migraine headache to the COTC, UCC, and ETU were reviewed. Data collected included the treatment and charges. After the study period, a sample of patients was surveyed regarding their outcome and satisfaction with care at each of the three facilities. During the study period, 15 patients visited the COTC 446 times for the treatment of acute migraine, 80 patients visited the UCC 233 times, and 182 patients visited the ETU 238 times. The average charges per visit were $39.93 for the COTC, $57.28 for the UCC, and $317.71 for the ETU. Average time spent in order to obtain care was 35 minutes in the COTC, 62 minutes in the UCC, and 105 minutes in the ETU. Intramuscular meperidine with either promethazine or hydroxyzine was the most commonly administered treatment in all three settings. Patients treated in the COTC reported greater satisfaction than the patients seen in the UCC or ETU. A dedicated outpatient facility with extended hours of operation and the capability of treating acute headache patients with parenteral medications based on standing orders has provided a community of migraine sufferers with cost-effective care.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9529765&dopt=Abstract
J Clin Psychiatry. 1998 Mar;59(3):128-30.
Cocaine as a risk factor for neuroleptic-induced acute dystonia.
van Harten PN, van Trier JC, Horwitz EH, Matroos GE, Hoek HW.
Psychiatric Hospital (Dr. D. R. Capriles Clinic), Curacao, The Netherlands Antilles.
BACKGROUND: A prospective study was conducted to test the hypothesis that cocaine use is a risk factor for neuroleptic-induced acute dystonia (NIAD). METHOD: The study sample consisted of a high-risk group for NIAD, males aged 17-45 years who had received high-potency neuroleptics within 24 hours of admission and had not used neuroleptics in the month prior to admission. Patients were excluded if they suffered from a neurodegenerative disorder or were exposed to anticholinergics, benzodiazepines, promethazine, carbamazepine, phenytoin, or levodopa during the study. Twenty-nine patients--9 cocaine users and 20 nonusers--entered the study, which lasted 2 years. Patients were followed for 7 days. RESULTS: Cocaine-using psychiatric patients developed significantly more NIAD than did nonusers (relative risk = 4.4, 95% CI = 1.4 to 13.9). CONCLUSION: Cocaine use is a major risk factor for NIAD and should be added to the list of well-known risk factors. The authors strongly suggest that cocaine-using psychiatric patients who are started on a regimen of neuroleptics should also be administered an anticholinergic for at least 7 days to prevent NIAD.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9541156&dopt=Abstract
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