Drugs online research references
J Neurochem. 1997 Oct;69(4):1601-11.
Beta-amyloid neurotoxicity in vitro: evidence of oxidative stress but not protection by antioxidants.
Pike CJ, Ramezan-Arab N, Cotman CW.
Institute for Brain Aging and Dementia, University of California Irvine, 92697-4540, U.S.A.
Recent data from several groups suggest that the primary mechanism of beta-amyloid neurotoxicity may be mediated by reactive oxygen species. To evaluate this hypothesis, we first compared the efficacy of antioxidant agents in preventing toxicity caused by oxidative insults (iron, hydrogen peroxide, and tert-butyl hydroperoxide) and beta-amyloid peptides in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. Tested antioxidants (propyl gallate, Trolox, probucol, and promethazine) generally provided significant protection against oxidative insults but not beta-amyloid peptides. Next, we examined whether beta-amyloid causes oxidative stress, by comparing levels of lipid peroxidation after exposure to either iron or beta-amyloid. In a cell-free system, iron but not beta-amyloid generated lipid peroxidation. In culture, both insults caused rapid increases in lipid peroxidation, with iron inducing higher levels at later time points. Pretreatment with the antioxidant probucol significantly reduced lipid peroxidation caused by both insults but only attenuated iron toxicity, suggesting that lipid peroxidation does not contribute directly to cell death induced by beta-amyloid. Finally, we observed that increasing basal levels of oxidative stress by pretreating cultures with subtoxic doses of iron significantly increased neuronal vulnerability to beta-amyloid. The ability of beta-amyloid to induce oxidative stress and the demonstration that oxidative stress potentiates beta-amyloid toxicity support the clinical use of antioxidants for AD. However, these data do not support the theory that the primary mechanism of beta-amyloid toxicity involves oxidative pathways, indicating a continued need to identify additional cellular responses to beta-amyloid that underlie its neurodegenerative actions.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9326289&dopt=Abstract
Antibiot Khimioter. 1997;42(7):8-11.
[Effect of promethazine hydrochloride (pipolphen) on the stability of R plasmid resistance in Escherichia coli]
[Article in Russian]
Evdokimova OV, Smirnov IV, Artem'eva NA, Rozhkova EA.
The influence of promethazin hydrochloride (pipolphen) on stability of R plasmid inheritance in Escherichia coli strains of various serogroups was studied. The strains were isolated from patients with acute intestinal infection and from healthy persons. It was shown that in subbacteriostatic concentrations (100 to 450 micrograms/ml) pipolphen promoted elimination of the R plasmids. Decreased stability of the R plasmid inheritance was not associated with the pipolphen concentration. No influence of the drug on the biochemical characteristics, antigenic properties and nutritional requirements of the plasmid-free derivatives was detected. The eliminating action of pipolphen and ethidium bromide in some strans of Escherichia coli was shown to be different.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9334148&dopt=Abstract
Am J Crit Care. 1997 Nov;6(6):437-44.
Nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing radiofrequency catheter ablation.
Tyndall A, Nystrom KV, Funk M.
Yale-New Haven Hospital, Conn., USA.
BACKGROUND: Radiofrequency catheter ablation is a technique for curing cardiac arrhythmias by destroying tissue that is a critical part of the targeted electrical circuit. Nausea and vomiting have been observed after use of this technique, but no study to date has examined these complications. OBJECTIVES: To determine the incidence of nausea and vomiting after radiofrequency catheter ablation, determine factors related to nausea and vomiting, and evaluate the antiemetic efficacy of promethazine given during the procedure. METHODS: Medical records for 369 cases of radiofrequency catheter ablation performed in a 4-year period at a university medical center were reviewed. RESULTS: Nausea after the procedure was documented in 22% of cases. Logistic regression analysis based on variables significant in bivariate analysis revealed that younger age, female sex, and longer procedure duration were significantly and independently related to nausea. Vomiting after the procedure occurred in 13% of cases. Logistic regression revealed that younger age and longer procedure duration were significantly and independently related to vomiting. Further analysis showed that patients who received larger doses of promethazine relative to the dose of fentanyl had a significantly lower incidence of vomiting. CONCLUSIONS: Nausea and vomiting occurred in a considerable number of cases. Female sex, younger age, and longer procedure duration increased the risk of nausea, whereas only age and procedure duration were associated with vomiting. This study may guide clinicians to use a prophylactic antiemetic in patients undergoing radiofrequency catheter ablation, especially patients at increased risk for nausea and vomiting.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9354221&dopt=Abstract
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