Drugs online research references
Acta Otorhinolaryngol Belg. 1996;50(1):1-12.
Functional endoscopic sinus surgery under local anaesthesia: possibilities and limitations.
Jorissen M, Heulens H, Peters M, Feenstra L.
Department E.N.T., Head and Neck Surgery, UZ Leuven, Belgium.
Functional endoscopic sinus surgery under local anaesthesia with one single intramuscular injection of systemic premedication (pethidine and promethazine) and careful local preparation (decongestive nose drops, cocaine application and lidocaine infiltration). It is well tolerated and accepted in 95% of the patients. Blood loss is minimal and pain during the operation is rare. Major and minor orbital and intracranial complications were not seen. Local anaesthesia with this kind of surgery offers many advantages and is preferable to general anaesthesia when possible.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8669265&dopt=Abstract
Curr Eye Res. 1996 Feb;15(2):157-64.
Protein phosphorylation in Golgi, endosomal, and endoplasmic reticulum membrane fractions of lacrimal gland.
Dartt DA, Hodges RR, Zoukhri D, Mircheff AK.
Schepens Eye Research Institute, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
Ca2+/calmodulin- and cAMP-dependent protein kinase activities were characterized in two subcellular membrane samples. Membranes from rat lacrimal gland were isolated by differential and density gradient centrifugation into six density windows. The present study focused on membranes from density windows III and V which contain mixtures of apical, Golgi, endosomal, and endoplasmic reticulum membranes in different proportions. Phosphorylation of membrane proteins was measured by incubating the samples in [g-32P]ATP and separating the proteins by discontinuous SDS-PAGE followed by autoradiography. The amount of phosphate incorporated into specific peptide bands was quantified by densitometry. Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase phosphorylated a 52,000 MW peptide in membranes from both density windows with a maximal increase from 0.3 to 66 microM free Ca2+. Trifluoperazine and promethazine, two inhibitors of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases, inhibited this phosphorylation. cAMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylated a 22,000 MW peptide and a 91,000 MW peptide which were present in membranes from density window III only. We conclude that a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase activity is present in membranes from both density window III and V whereas a cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity is present only in membranes from density window III.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8670724&dopt=Abstract
J Neurophysiol. 1996 Feb;75(2):707-14.
Histamine depolarizes cholinergic septal neurons.
Gorelova N, Reiner PB.
Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
1. Bath application of 10 microM histamine (HA) resulted in a depolarization or inward current in 58/59 cholinergic neurons located in the medial septum and nucleus of the diagonal band of Broca (MS/DBB) in a slice preparation of rat brain. 2. In bridge mode, the histamine-induced depolarization consisted of both fast and slow phases; inward currents that followed the comparable time course were observed under voltage-clamp conditions. The fast depolarization was associated with variable changes in input resistance, while the slow depolarization always was associated with an increase in input resistance. 3. Both fast and slow responses persisted in the presence of tetrodotoxin (TTX), but only the fast response persisted when transmitter release was abolished by bathing the slice in either a low-Ca(2+)-, high-Mg(2+)-containing medium or one containing Cd2+. 4. When ramp voltage-clamp commands were applied during the fast depolarization, the resultant current-voltage (I-V) curves did not intersect over the range of membrane potentials from -130 to -30 mV. Ionic substitution experiments suggested that the bulk of the ionic current flowing during the fast depolarization was carried by sodium ions. 5. The I-V characteristics of the slow inward current identified it as a reduction in an inwardly rectifying potassium conductance. 6. The fast depolarization was significantly reduced by the H1 receptor antagonists pyrilamine and promethazine, but not by the H2 receptor antagonist cimetidine. Neither the H2 receptor agonist impromidine nor the H3 receptor agonist R-alpha-methylhistamine mimicked the response to HA. None of the agonists or antagonists had any observable effect upon the slow depolarization. 7. We conclude that HA directly depolarizes cholinergic MS/DBB neurons by acting as an H1 receptor, which primarily couples to an increase in a TTX-insensitive Na+ conductance. Additionally, HA evokes a slow depolarization mediated by a decrease in an inwardly rectifying potassium conductance but is not generated by activation of classically defined HA receptor subtypes.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8714646&dopt=Abstract
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