Drugs online research references
J Clin Pharmacol. 1994 Jun;34(6):644-8.
Use of promethazine to hasten adaptation to provocative motion.
Lackner JR, Graybiel A.
Ashton Graybiel Spatial Orientation Laboratory, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02254-9110.
In an earlier study, the authors found that severely motion sick individuals could be greatly relieved of their symptoms by intramuscular injections of promethazine (50 mg) or scopolamine (.5 mg). Comparable 50-mg injections of promethazine also have been found effective in alleviating symptoms of space motion sickness. The concern has risen, however, that such drugs may delay or retard the acquisition of adaptation to stressful environments. In the current study, we controlled arousal using a mental arithmetic task and precisely equated the exposure history (number of head movements during rotation) of a placebo, control group and an experimental group who had received promethazine. No differences in total adaptation or in rates of adaptation were present between the two groups. Another experimental group also received promethazine and was allowed to make as many head movements as they could, before reaching nausea, up to 800. This group showed a greater level of adaptation than the placebo group. These results suggest a strategy for dealing with space motion sickness that is described.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8083396&dopt=Abstract
Anesth Analg. 1993 Jul;77(1):78-80.
Resistance to decamethonium neuromuscular block after prior administration of vecuronium.
Campkin NT, Hood JR, Feldman SA.
Magill Department of Anaesthetics, Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
Prior administration of nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs reduces the potency of subsequently administered succinylcholine. To assess whether this interaction is also observed with the depolarizing drug, decamethonium, the potency of decamethonium alone and decamethonium after vecuronium (10 micrograms/kg) were assessed using a cumulative dose-response technique in two groups of six healthy patients each. Patients were premedicated with meperidine and promethazine and anesthetized with thiopental, isoflurane, and nitrous oxide in oxygen. Twitch tension was monitored using adductor pollicis mechanomyography in response to ulnar nerve stimulation at 0.1 Hz. The mean (SEM) dose of decamethonium producing 80% twitch tension depression (ED80) when administered alone was 37 (4.0) micrograms/kg. After recovery of twitch tension (but persistence of train-of-four fade) from vecuronium, the mean (SEM) ED80 for decamethonium was increased to 89 (4.4) micrograms/kg (P < 0.01). The shift to the right of the dose-response curve for decamethonium was nonparallel. Antagonism is observed when decamethonium is administered after a small dose of vercuronium; this interaction, which is also seen with succinylcholine, is likely to be a feature of depolarizing block. Nonparallel shift of the dose-response curve to decamethonium indicates that this is not likely to be a simple agonist-antagonist effect at a single site.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8100407&dopt=Abstract
Immunology. 1993 Jun;79(2):217-9.
Pharmacological activities of chlorpromazine involved in the inhibition of tumour necrosis factor production in vivo in mice.
Bertini R, Garattini S, Delgado R, Ghezzi P.
Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy.
Chlorpromazine (CPZ) was shown to inhibit tumour necrosis factor (TNF) production in vivo. Several drugs sharing one of the various pharmacological activities of CPZ were tested in endotoxin-treated mice. It was found that alpha-blockers (prazosin, idazoxan, phenoxybenzamine), antiserotoninergics (methysergide, methergoline) and antihistamine (chlorpheniramine, promethazine) also inhibited TNF production indicating that the effectiveness of CPZ in protecting from endotoxin shock is due to its multiple pharmacological activities.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8102118&dopt=Abstract
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