Drugs online research references
Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung. 1994;41(1):33-9.
Competition between dopamine, beta-receptor agonists and promethazine in Escherichia coli plasmid replication.
Molnar J, Szucs M.
Institute of Microbiology, Albert Szent-Gyorgyi University Medical School, Szeged, Hungary.
The substrates in the phenylalanine, metabolism play key roles in the physiological processes of bacteria. Promethazine affects the phenylalanine metabolism in Escherichia coli. The antibacterial and anti-plasmid actions of promethazine were prevented by phenylalanine, tyrosine, phenylpyruvic acid, phenylacetic acid, noradrenaline and dopamine in minimal medium. Isoproterenol (and phenoxybenzamine) reduced, while propranolol, oxyprenolol and alprenolol isomers enhanced the anti-plasmid effect of promethazine. Propranolol itself induced an anti-plasmid effect. The effects of beta-receptor agonists and antagonists on promethazine-induced anti-plasmid action serve as an indirect evidence of beta adrenergic like binding sites in E. coli. These binding sites are involved in the plasmid replication process and are connected with promethazine binding sites in bacteria.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7921849&dopt=Abstract
Calcif Tissue Int. 1994 Jul;55(1):68-70.
Promethazine inhibits osteoclastic bone resorption in vitro.
Hall TJ, Schaueblin M.
Ciba-Geigy Ltd., Research Department, Basel, Switzerland.
Several studies have shown that promethazine can reduce age-related osteopenia in mice. Furthermore, prolonged treatment with promethazine (50 mg/day) increases bone mineral content in the lumbar spine in post-menopausal women with osteopenia. However, the mechanism of action of promethazine has not been elucidated. The present study shows that promethazine HCl (0.01-10 microM) dose-dependently inhibits bone resorption by isolated rat osteoclasts in the bone slice assay with an IC50 of approximately 1 microM. Since these concentrations are likely to be achieved in vivo, it is suggested that the beneficial effect of promethazine on osteopenia is at least partly due to a direct inhibitory effect on osteoclast activity.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7922792&dopt=Abstract
J Chromatogr B Biomed Appl. 1994 Jul 1;657(1):141-48.
Quantification of chlorprothixene, levomepromazine and promethazine in human serum using high-performance liquid chromatography with coulometric electrochemical detection.
Bagli M, Rao ML, Hoflich G.
Psychiatrische Klinik und Poliklinik, Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms Universitat, Bonn, Germany.
Isocratic reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with coulometric electrochemical detection was optimised to quantify the neuroleptic drugs chloroprothixene, levomepromazine, and promethazine in human serum. The method involves extraction of the neuroleptic drugs in n-heptane-isoamylalcohol from the alkalinized serum, followed by chromatographic separation on a Nucleosil CN column with acetonitrile-pyridine-sodium acetate buffer as the mobile phase. The extraction recovery was > 85% for each neuroleptic drug. The sensitivity and selectivity required for pharmacokinetic studies was obtained with a dual coulometric analytical cell operating in the oxidative screen mode. The lower limit of detection in human serum for chlorprothixene, levomepromazine, and promethazine, was 0.5, 0.2 and 0.1 ng/ml, respectively. A linear relationship (r2 > 0.99) was obtained between the concentrations of each neuroleptic drug and the detector signal. The accuracy of the quality control samples was +/- 7% for each neuroleptic drug with a precision within 9.5%, 8.1% and 13.5% for chlorprothixene, levomepromazine, and promethazine, respectively. The neuroleptic drugs were stable in acetonitrile and human serum for at least six months when stored at -20 degrees C. This method is applicable to analyze a large number of serum samples for pharmacokinetic studies of the neuroleptic drugs.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7952060&dopt=Abstract
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