Drugs online research references
Med J Aust. 1995 Aug 21;163(4):193-6.
Opioid dependence in 15 patients after a work injury.
Steven ID.
OBJECTIVE: To document aspects of the management of 15 patients with workers' compensation injuries which led to opioid dependence and suggest preventive strategies. METHOD: Details of general practitioner and deputising service visits for a 38-week period, 1 May 1991 - 22 January 1992, were obtained from WorkCover case files and general practitioners' patient records, and claims for reimbursement for afterhours home visits (Item 97) were obtained from the Health Insurance Commission (HIC) for the years 1991, 1992 and 1993. RESULTS: Fourteen of the patients had a lumbosacral injury. A total of 2489 deputising service visits were provided on 3227 days (0.77/day). A statistically significant 20% higher visit rate occurred on Sundays and public holidays compared with the rate for the rest of the week. Deputising service practitioners provided 4.7 times as many services as general practitioners. In 1299 visits to 12 of these patients, parenteral drugs administered included 108 385 mg pethidine, 2680 mg morphine, and 20 400 mg promethazine. All 15 patients were independently assessed as having features indicating opioid dependence. In only one patient was there evidence of opioid dependence before injury. An alternative management plan not requiring deputising service visits was instituted early in 1992. The number of claims from the HIC for afterhours visits to these 15 patients rose from 125 in 1991 to 630 in 1992, while 409 were provided in 1993. CONCLUSION: Appropriate strategies, such as restricting the ability of deputising services to bill directly for the services they provide, and a sharing of information between the HIC and other statutory authorities, should prevent a similar occurrence in the future.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7651253&dopt=Abstract
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1995 Aug 24;213(3):944-9.
Involvement of cAMP in the regulation of high affinity choline uptake by rat brain synaptosomes.
Cancela JM, Bertrand N, Beley A.
Laboratoire de Pharmacodynamie, Faculte de Pharmacie, Dijon, France.
The role of cAMP in the regulation of the high affinity choline uptake (HACU) was investigated in resting and KCl-stimulated rat brain synaptosomes. The data indicate that the permeable cAMP analogue, monobutyryl-8-bromo cAMP, increased dose-dependently the HACU in resting synaptosomes. Treatments of resting synaptosomes by oxotremorine, quinacrine, and promethazine resulted in a reduced cAMP formation with a concomitant decrease of HACU. The reduction of HACU could be completely counteracted by the monobutyryl-8-bromo cAMP following oxotremorine treatment and was only partially inhibited in quinacrine and promethazine treated resting synaptosomes. KCl stimulation resulted in a significant increase in cAMP formation and HACU by the synaptosomes. The different profile of data obtained following the previous pharmacological treatments in KCl-stimulated synaptosomes suggests that both cAMP and phospholipase A2 pathways may act synergistically to coordinate the neuronal choline incorporation.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7654258&dopt=Abstract
Eur J Pharmacol. 1995 Jan 16;272(2-3):231-9.
Blockers for excitatory effects of achatin-I, a tetrapeptide having a D-phenylalanine residue, on a snail neurone.
Santos DE, Liu GJ, Takeuchi H.
Department of Physiology, Gifu University School of Medicine, Japan.
Some histamine H1 receptor antagonists suppressed the inward current (Iin) of an Achatina identifiable neurone type, PON (periodically oscillating neurone), caused by an Achatina endogenous tetrapeptide having a D-phenylalanine residue, achatin-I (Gly-D-Phe-Ala-Asp), under voltage clamp. Achatin-I was applied locally to the neurone by brief pneumatic pressure ejection and antagonists were administered by perfusion. The dose-response curves of the effective histamine H1 antagonists indicated their potency order to suppress the Iin as follows: chlorcyclizine, promethazine, triprolidine and homochlorcyclizine > trimeprazine and clemastine > diphenylpyraline. The potent drugs were mostly piperazine and phenothiazine types. The effects of chlorcyclizine, promethazine and triprolidine on the dose (the duration of the pressure ejection)-response curve of achatin-I indicated that these drugs affected the Iin caused by achatin-I in a non-competitive manner. The antagonists for the receptors of the small-molecule neurotransmitters other than histamine H1, such as histamine H2, acetylcholine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), L-glutamic acid, dopamine, alpha- and beta-adrenalin and 5-hydroxytryptamine, had no effect on the Iin caused by achatin-I.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7713167&dopt=Abstract
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