Drugs online research references
Obstet Gynecol. 1980 Aug;56(2):239-42.
Effects of maternal sedation during fetoscopy.
Lebed MR, Nisenbaum HL, Cope C, Berger B.
While instituting a new program in fetoscopy, the authors explored the effects of sedation with meperidine (Demerol) and promethazine HCl (Phenergan) during fetoscopy conducted on 10 mothers at 14 to 18 weeks' gestation. Each received 100 mg of meperidine and 50 mg of promethazine HCl approximately 30 minutes before the procedure. In 3 instances, a repeat half-dose injection was made at 30 minutes for adequate analgesia. Sex of the fetus was determined accurately in 9 instances. In 9 of 10 cases, visualization was satisfactory; technical problems in 1 case precluded visualization. Complications included 2 superficial fetal limb hematomas and 2 instances of minimal fetal bleeding from an unknown site. Three patients required perforation of anterior placentas. Amniotic fluid was invariably clear but became progressively turbid. Sedation allowed a longer period for clear amniotic fluid by decreasing fetal movements progressively over the first hour; fetal activity showed a prompt return thereafter. The clarity of the amniotic fluid was adversely influenced by external manipulation of the fetus. The authors conclude that sedation has obvious benefits for the mother and may facilitate evaluation of the fetus during fetoscopy.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7393515&dopt=Abstract
Br J Pharmacol. 1980;71(1):35-40.
Pharmacological study of the anococcygeus muscle of the dog.
Dehpour AR, Khoyi MA, Koutcheki H, Zarrindast MR.
1 The response of the dog anococcygeus muscle to field stimulation and to some drugs has been studied. The results are compared with those reported previously in the rat, cat and rabbit. 2 Field stimulation produced frequency-dependent contractions which were inhibited by guanethidine and phentolamine. When the tonus of the muscle was increased with guanethidine, field stimulation always produced frequency-dependent relaxation. The relaxation was not prevented by propranolol. 3 The muscle was contracted by noradrenaline, tyramine, acetylcholine, histamine (H1), 5-hydroxy-tryptamine, prostaglandin E2 and vasopressin. Phentolamine, atropine, promethazine (but not cimetidine) and methysergide inhibited the effect of the respective agonists. 4 After increasing the tonus of the muscle, it was relaxed by low concentrations of isoprenaline. The relaxation was antagonized by propranolol. 5 The response to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) was variable. In some preparations, it relaxed the muscle, in others it contracted the muscle prior to relaxation, in others still it only contracted the muscle. Indomethacin did not prevent ATP-induced contraction. 6 It is concluded that the anococcygeus of the dog, like that of rat, cat and rabbit, has an adrenergic motor innervation and an inhibitory innervation, the transmitter of which is not identified.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7470746&dopt=Abstract
Anal Biochem. 1995 Aug 10;229(2):272-7.
Development of a melanin-based high-performance liquid chromatography stationary phase and its use in the study of drug-melanin binding interactions.
Ibrahim H, Aubry AF.
Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Drug-melanin interactions were studied using a melanin-based HPLC column. Two approaches were chosen for the preparation of the stationary phases: covalent coupling of synthetic L-dopa melanin and in situ polymerization of L-dopa. Retention of a series of phenothiazines on melanin-based stationary phases was attributed to binding to melanin. Frontal affinity chromatography experiments on one melanin-based column allowed us to calculate the affinity and binding capacity of chlorpromazine and promethazine. A competition was observed between chlorpromazine and haloperidol which was qualitatively consistent with previously described results. Data indicated that the interaction was not a simple competition at one site.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7485982&dopt=Abstract
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