Drugs online research references
J Pharmacobiodyn. 1986 Dec;9(12):1008-14.
Interaction of tertiary amines and quaternary ammonium compounds with gastrointestinal mucin.
Saitoh H, Hasegawa N, Kawai S, Miyazaki K, Arita T.
The binding property of some tertiary amines (chlorpromazine, promethazine and imipramine) and quaternary ammonium compounds (propantheline, mepenzolate and butylscopolamine) for gastric mucin was investigated. All tertiary amines tested bound gastric mucin to varying extents, and the binding of chlorpromazine was especially strong. Moreover, the absorption behaviors of chlorpromazine in rat intestinal loops was significantly inhibited in the presence of gastric mucin. On the contrary, all quaternary ammonium compounds tested did not bind gastric mucin and the absorption of propantheline was not affected in the presence of gastric mucin. These results suggested that gastrointestinal mucin produced a significant effect on the bioavailability of these tertiary amines after oral administration.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3572714&dopt=Abstract
Xenobiotica. 1981 Sep;11(9):609-18.
Metabolism of promethazine in vitro. Identificaton of N-oxidized products.
Clement B, Beckett AH.
1. Incubation of promethazine (Ia) and desmethylpromethazine (Ib) with 9000g supernatant fractions of rabbit liver homogenate resulted in formation of N-dealkylated, N-oxygenated and ring-hydroxylated products. 2. The N-oxidation products identified by t.l.c. and mass spectra using synthetic reference products are promethazine-N-oxide (IX) and the nitrone (VIII), which is believed to be formed chemically and metabolically from the metabolite N-hydroxydesmethylpromethazine (VII).
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7314643&dopt=Abstract
Br J Anaesth. 1984 Jun;56(6):565-72.
Atropine increases inspiratory flow during enflurane anaesthesia after pethidine premedication.
Drummond GB.
The effects of atropine i.v. on inspired volume and occlusion pressure were measured in three groups of patients. Group PE received premedication with pethidine 50 mg and promethazine 12.5 mg i.m., and anaesthesia was provided by 2% enflurane in 67% nitrous oxide. Group TE received temazepam 20 mg orally for premedication and similar anaesthesia. Group TH received temazepam premedication and 1% halothane in 67% nitrous oxide. Atropine 0.02 mg kg-1 i.v. increased significantly the inspiratory flow in the first 1 s of inspiration, and this effect was greater in the group that received pethidine (9% increase in flow). However, occlusion pressure did not change, and minute volume was not altered. The results suggest that atropine increases inspiratory flow after pethidine premedication without increasing the force developed during inspiration, possibly by bronchodilatation.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6721967&dopt=Abstract
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