Drugs online research references
Can J Anaesth. 1991 Jan;38(1):121-8.
H1 and H2 receptor antagonists and hepatic oxygen supply-demand relationship in pigs.
Roytblat L, Gelman S, Henderson T, Parks D.
Department of Anesthesiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham 35233.
The hypothesis that histamine receptor (H1 and H2) blockade beneficially affects the hepatic oxygen supply-demand relationship was tested during experiments performed on 13 miniature pigs. Hepatic arterial and portal blood flows were measured with electromagnetic flowmeters. Cardiac output was determined by thermodilution. H1 and H2 receptor blockade was achieved with promethazine, 5 mg.kg-1 and cimetidine 30 mg.kg-1 IV, respectively. The study demonstrated no significant effect of H1 and H2 receptor blockade on hepatic oxygen uptake and no noticeable effects of cimetidine on hepatic circulation. However, promethazine decreased total hepatic blood flow, primarily by decreasing portal blood flow; this resulted in an increase in oxygen extraction as reflected in a decreased oxygen content in hepatic venous blood. The results reject the posed hypothesis: H1 receptor antagonist promethazine decreased, while H2 receptor antagonist cimetidine did not affect hepatic blood flow and oxygen supply; hepatic oxygen demand remained unaffected during H1 and H2 receptor blockade.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1989729&dopt=Abstract
Int J Radiat Biol. 1990 Nov;58(5):733-43.
Effects of calmodulin antagonists on radiation-induced lipid peroxidation in microsomes.
Varshney R, Kale RK.
Radiation Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India.
Rat liver microsomes were irradiated with gamma-rays at a dose rate of 1.31 Gys-1. The extent of lipid peroxidation, measured in terms of malondialdehyde (MDA) formed, increased with radiation dose. The presence of calmodulin antagonists during irradiation decreased lipid peroxidation. The order of their protective efficiency was: chlorpromazine (CPZ) greater than promethazine (PMZ) greater than trimeprazine (TMZ). Their protective effect was diminished in the presence of ferrous (Fe2+) ions and was restored on addition of EDTA. However, calmodulin antagonists considerably inhibited radiation-induced lipid peroxidation in the presence of ferric (Fe3+) ions. Calmodulin antagonists also decreased the cytochrome P-450 content of microsomes. These results are discussed with respect to their applicability to radiotherapy. A possible mechanism for the inhibition of radiation-induced lipid peroxidation is suggested.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1977818&dopt=Abstract
Am J Vet Res. 1979 Aug;40(8):1057-61.
Control of radiation-induced emesis with promethazine, cimetidine, thiethylperazine, or naloxone.
Cooper JR, Mattsson JL.
Promethazine (2 mg/kg), cimetidine (4 mg/kg), thiethylperazine (0.86 mg/kg), and naloxone (0.08 mg/kg) were each evaluated for their ability to increase the threshold of radiation-induced emesis in the dog. Each dog was fed a can of dog food (ca 0.4 kg) and then injected IM with the appropriate drug 1 hour before being irradiated by a 60Co teletherapy unit. The total radiation dose given an individual dog was determined by an up-and-down exposure schedule. Dogs were then observed continuously for 10 hours while the number, time of onset, and duration of each emetic episode were monitored. The dose of radiation causing emesis in 50% (ED50 +/- SEM) of control dogs was 170 +/- 38.5 rad. The ED50 +/- SEM was increased to 402 +/- 18.6 rad by promethazine, to 331 +/- 27.3 rad by cimetidine, and to 320 +/- 38.5 rad by thiethylperazine. This increased tolerance was significant at P less than 0.05 for each drug. The ED50 for naloxone was 262.5 +/- 92.9 rad, which was not a statistically significant increase in threshold.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=525908&dopt=Abstract
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