Drugs online research references
Z Mikrosk Anat Forsch. 1989;103(1):46-77.
The blood circulation inside the spleen. I. The arterial blood vessels general distribution in the rat spleen.
Hadler WA, Silveira SR.
As an attempt to investigate the different pathways followed by the blood into the spleen and to analyse their functional significance, a technique was used mainly based on the intraarterial perfusion of a Prussian blue "solution" added of some chemical mediators and vasoactive substances. Such technique provides results which may be analysed taking into account the effect of the anaesthetic used, that may influence the findings. From the anaesthetic used, the sulfuric ether and the barbital sodium produce vasoconstriction of the white pulp blood vessels, whereas the chlorpromazine-promethazine doesn't have this effect, and so the Prussian blue appears inside these vessels. The vasodilator drugs, such as succinonitrile and papaverine hydrochloride, show a general vasodilator effect on the splenic arterial system. Teh arterial vessels of the white and the red pulp, including those placed at the subcapsular areas, become enlarged; into the white pulp, either the central or the peripheral blood vessel plexus of the lymphatic follicle becomes evident. The latter readily constitutes the perifollicular and the pericolumnar plexus. The blood vessels of this plexus become permeable to the Prussian blue "solution" by the heparin sodium effect, and so the dye particles enter the marginal zone and the splenic sinuses. In addition, from the white pulp arteries arise 2 types of anastomotic arterioles which appear enlarged after succinonitrile treatment: The short anastomotic arterioles that crosses the marginal zone entering the red pulp near the white pulp; the long anastomotic arterioles which enter the red pulp and after a long course end up into or around a collector sinus. The addition of histamine dihydrochloride to the perfusion solutions shows a slight vasodilator effect mainly on the subcapsular penicillar arterioles, including the helicine arterioles. The adrenergic stimulation of the splenic blood vessels induces a generalized arterial constriction, except of the anastomotic arterioles, that becomes open; in such way, the blood pathway follows the course of the anastomotic arterioles and the collector arterioles also become constricted. The adrenergic vasoconstrictor effect is inhibited by the phenoxy-benzamine hydrochloride. The addition of acetylcholine chloride, in the dosage, used, induces a generalized arterial vessel constriction, mainly of the perifollicular plexus. This effect is inhibited by atropine sulfate which, on the other hand, produces evident enlargement of the perifollicular and pericolumnar arterial plexus.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2756746&dopt=Abstract
Lijec Vjesn. 1989 Apr-May;111(4-5):124-6.
[The effect of histamine and histamine H1 and H2 receptor blockers on the tone of the longitudinal muscles in the human appendix]
[Article in Croatian]
Frkovic A, Frkovic A, Atanackovic D.
The aims of this study were to determine whether the effect of histamine on a smooth musculature of the human appendix is mediated by histamine H1-receptors only or whether histamine H2-receptors are involved, as well. The obtained results indicate histamine increases tonus in musculature; however, histamine H1-receptor antagonist (promethazine) decreases tonus. Histamine H2-receptor antagonist (cimetidine) has caused a mild increase in tonus of musculature what indicates that it has a certain intrinsic activity. By blocking histamine receptors with H1 and H2 antagonists which were used either separately or together before cumulative histamine concentrations, it has been concluded that histamine actions are exerted not exclusively by H1-receptors but also histamine H2-receptor antagonists can significantly decrease the tonicizing effect of histamine.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2770397&dopt=Abstract
Dev Comp Immunol. 1989 Spring;13(2):133-48.
Ultrastructural study of the response of eosinophil granule cells to Aeromonas salmonicida extracellular products and histamine liberators in rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri Richardson.
Vallejo AN Jr, Ellis AE.
Institute of Biological Sciences, University of the Philippines, Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines.
Intraperitoneal injections of Aeromonas salmonicida extracellular products (ECP), Compound 48/80 and Concanavalin A were found to degranulate the eosinophil granule cells (EGC) in the lower intestine and rectum of the rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri Richardson. Ultrastructurally, the EGC response resembled the anaphylactic granule extrusion of mammalian mast cells. Varying degrees of granule vacuolation and loss of electron density occurred. Labyrinthine channels were observed at the peak of degranulation. EGC response however, differed from mammalian mast cells in two respects. Firstly, degranulation involved the release of intact electron lucent granules and the subsequent disintegration of the granule matrix extracellularly. Mammalian mast cells on the other hand, release their granules by direct exocytosis. Secondly, the 48/80 and Con A-stimulated EGC degranulation was inhibited by antihistamines, promethazine and cimetidine. In mast cells, antihistamines do not prevent granule release but block histamine receptors in target cells. The degranulation of the ECGs was a non-cytotoxic event and the cells were capable of regeneration. As soon as the cells lost most of their granules, increased cytoplasmic activity was observed. This involved the expansion of the Golgi-endoplasmic reticulum complex.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2776934&dopt=Abstract
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