Drugs online research references
Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl. 1994;201:87-90.
Economic evaluation of new medical technology.
Jonsson B.
Stockholm School of Economics, Sweden.
Safety and efficacy are not the only parameters of interest for choice of medical technology--costs play an increasingly important role. There is a growing interest in 'value for money', which can be assessed by economic evaluation comparing the costs and consequences of alternative courses of action. A number of different economic evaluation methods may be used: cost-minimization (looking only at costs with no consideration of consequences); cost-effectiveness (in which a unidimensional clinical outcome is assessed, for example, life-years gained); cost-utility (measuring multidimensional outcomes, for example quantity and quality of life); and cost-benefit (where outcome is considered in monetary terms). A Swedish cost-of-illness study showed that the direct health care costs increased and the indirect cost (in terms of production loss) associated with treatment of peptic ulcer fell following the introduction of H2-receptor antagonists. In a study of reflux oesophagitis, omeprazole was shown to be more cost-effective than ranitidine. With omeprazole, the costs were lower and the effectiveness better than with the H2-receptor antagonist.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8047831&dopt=Abstract
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Gastroenterology. 1996 Nov;111(5):1224-9.
Control of preprogastrin messenger RNA translation by gastric acid in the rat.
Bate GW, Varro A, Dimaline R, Dockray GJ.
Physiological Laboratory, University of Liverpool, England.
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Plasma gastrin and tissue preprogastrin messenger RNA (mRNA) increase in rats treated with the proton pump inhibitor omeprazole, but changes in mRNA alone cannot account for calculated changes in gastrin synthesis. The possibility that there is control of preprogastrin mRNA translation rates was investigated. METHODS: Preprogastrin mRNA translation was assessed by incorporation of [3H]tyrosine into progastrin in rat antral mucosa in vitro at 22 degrees C; preprogastrin mRNA was determined by Northern blot analysis. RESULTS: During incubation, incorporation of [3H]tyrosine into progastrin was linear up to 4 hours, and preprogastrin mRNA was unchanged. Fasting (24 hours) decreased plasma gastrin levels by 75% and progastrin translation by 40%, but preprogastrin mRNA was unchanged. Conversely, omeprazole increased plasma gastrin levels 8-fold, preprogastrin mRNA 2-3-fold, and progastrin translation 6-fold. In a cell-free translation system, preprogastrin was increased in samples from omeprazole-treated rats in direct proportion to the increase in preprogastrin mRNA abundance. CONCLUSIONS: Stimulation of gastrin cells by achlorhydria or inhibition by fasting lead, respectively, to increased and decreased preprogastrin translation rates that are more pronounced than changes in mRNA abundance. Therefore, luminal acid controls preprogastrin mRNA translation independently of changes in mRNA abundance or gastrin release.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8898636&dopt=Abstract
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Am J Physiol. 1989 Dec;257(6 Pt 1):G969-76.
Ca2+ requirement for metabolic effects of secretagogues in the amphibian gastric mucosa.
Subero O, Lobo P, Chacin J.
Laboratorio de Investigaciones Gastrointestinales, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela.
The role of extracellular Ca2+ in metabolic effects induced by theophylline and histamine was investigated in the isolated toad gastric mucosa. Primary and secondary effects on metabolism were differentiated by using K(+)-free solutions, which blocked the secretory responses but not the metabolic ones. The stimulation of respiration induced by theophylline and histamine was dose dependent and was significantly decreased by Ca2(+)-free solutions. In the presence of 1.8 mM Ca2+, the rate of glycogen breakdown was increased by theophylline in a dose-dependent manner and the dose-response curve was somewhat similar to that obtained with oxygen uptake. This effect was inhibited by incubation in Ca2(+)-free solutions. Ca2+ stimulated the rate of glycogen utilization in a concentration-dependent manner. The rates of oxidation of exogenous glucose and pyruvate were significantly inhibited by Ca2(+)-free solutions in theophylline- and histamine-stimulated mucosa, whereas the rates of oxidation of butyrate and acetate were not significantly affected. The Ca2+ ionophore A23187 significantly stimulated the rate of oxygen uptake and this response was not blocked by omeprazole and Sch 28080, two specific inhibitors of gastric H(+)-K(+)-ATPase. The results indicate that Ca2+ is required for optimal stimulation of carbohydrate catabolism in the toad gastric mucosa.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2514602&dopt=Abstract
note: kwd match prilosec online literature
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