Drugs online research references
Scand J Infect Dis. 1985;17(4):357-65.
Treatment failure in acute streptococcal tonsillitis in children over the age of 10 and in adults.
Roos K, Holm SE, Ekedahl C.
13/169 outpatients (8%) with streptococcal tonsillitis developed a new tonsillitis with the same strain within 2 weeks of completion of therapy (clinical treatment failures) and 24 (14%) remained carriers (bacterial treatment failures) after treatment with phenoxymethylpenicillin (penicillin V) 12.5 mg/kg body weight twice daily for 10 days. The mean serum concentration 60 min after penicillin V administration was 7.84 micrograms/ml. Very large individual differences in serum concentration were found but these differences could not be correlated to treatment failure. About 60% of the patients showed salivary concentrations around 0.03 micrograms/ml. Three strains of streptococci (groups C and G) from patients with bacterial treatment failure had MIC values of 0.06 and 0.12 micrograms/ml. A majority of the patients with clinical treatment failures had contact with individuals with high carrier rates of beta-hemolytic streptococci. It therefore seems likely that some so-called treatment failures in reality are new infections. In clinical treatment failures group A streptococci were twice as common as groups C + G. In bacteriological treatment failures the ratio between A and C + G was 1:1. Patients with nonstreptococcal tonsillitis as well as carriers of groups C and G may appear among bacterial treatment failures.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3937231&dopt=Abstract
Scand J Infect Dis. 1985;17(4):367-70.
Phenoxymethylpenicillin and therapeutic failure in acute otitis media.
Laurin L, Prellner K, Kamme C.
The aim of the present investigation was to determine to what extent beta-lactamase producing Haemophilus influenzae (H.i.) and Branhamella catarrhalis (B.c.) were isolated in cases of failure of treatment of acute otitis media (AOM) with phenoxymethylpenicillin. Among children with suspected therapeutic failure referred to an ENT specialist altogether 11, 15% of those referred, fulfilled the criteria of AOM. Three of them were on erythromycin, 1 on ampicillin and 7 on phenoxymethylpenicillin. In 5 of the children treated with phenoxymethylpenicillin H.i. was isolated from middle ear exudate and/or the nasopharynx. All H.i. isolates were non-capsulated and beta-lactamase negative. One beta-lactamase producing B.c. was isolated from the nasopharynx in a patient with pure culture of H.i. in the ear exudate. The present investigation did not support the suggestion that beta-lactamase producing H.i. or B.c. are major causative agents in therapeutic failures of AOM treated with phenoxymethylpenicillin and did not produce any evidence supporting a change from the recommended ampicillin esters/amoxycillin in therapeutic failures.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3937232&dopt=Abstract
Antibiotiki. 1977 Mar;22(3):208-11.
[Characteristics of determining the microbial contamination of penicillin series antibiotic powders and tablets]
[Article in Russian]
Braginskaia PS, Shilova SV, Chaikovskaia SM.
Optimal conditions for determination of microbial contamination of drugs were studied on artificially contaminated powders and tablets of phenoxymethylpenicillin, ampicillin, oxacillin and dicloxacillin. The method of membrane filtration was the best for determination of the microbial contamination of the powders. However, it was not possible to wash out completely the antibiotic from the membrane filter. To prevent this it was necessary to add penicillinase into the nutrient medium onto which the filter was put for providing the microbial growth. For determination of microbial contamination of tablets direct plating of 3 per cent suspension of the tablet mass onto the surface of the nutrient medium with penicillinase was the best.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=403853&dopt=Abstract
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