Drugs online research references
J Pharm Sci. 1978 Dec;67(12):1705-11.
GI absorption of beta-lactam antibiotics II: deviation from pH--partition hypothesis in penicillin absorption through in situ and in vitro lipoidal barriers.
Tsuji A, Miyamoto E, Hashimoto N, Yamana T.
The absorption of propicillin from the rat stomach and small intestine in situ was examined as a function of recirculating solution pH. The in vitro interphase transport from an aqueous buffer of various pH values to the octanol phase was also studied for several penicillins by the use of a two-phase rolling cell. The rate--pH profiles obtained from both in situ and in vitro experiments deviated significantly from the dissociation curves. The degrees of the shifts were approximately 2 pH units for the in situ intestinal absorption of propicillin and in vitro transport of propicillin and cloxacillin, approximately 1.5 pH units for the in vitro transport of penicillin V, and 0.8 pH unit for the in situ stomach absorption of propicillin. These discrepancies from the classical pH--partition hypothesis can be interpreted by the permeation through the lipoidal barrier of the undissociated species of penicillins transported through the aqueous diffusion layer adjacent to the lipoidal surface. All in situ and in vitro experiments tend to support this theory.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=31450&dopt=Abstract
Scand J Prim Health Care. 1988 Sep;6(3):175-8.
Variation in use of penicillin for treatment of sinusitis in general practice.
Bro F, Mabeck CE.
Institute of General Practice, University of Aarhus, Denmark.
The present study describes the use of phenoxymethylpenicillin and broad-spectrum penicillin for the treatment of sinusitis in general practice, in relation to some variables related to the prescribing doctors: region (county), practice form (single-handed or partnership), and the doctors' seniority (year of graduation). Log-linear analysis was used to make it possible to evaluate the influence of single factors. There was considerable variation between the counties included in the study. Practitioners in partnership practices used phenoxymethylpenicillin more frequently and broad-spectrum penicillin less frequently in the treatment of patients with sinusitis, compared with their colleagues in single-handed practices. Younger practitioners chose broad-spectrum penicillin more frequently and phenoxymethylpenicillin less frequently than their older colleagues. The individual practitioner was rather stable in his choice of drug for the treatment of consecutive patients with the same diagnosis.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3146790&dopt=Abstract
Am J Hosp Pharm. 1988 Jan;45(1):135-42.
Sweetener content of common pediatric oral liquid medications.
Hill EM, Flaitz CM, Frost GR.
University Hospital, Denver, CO.
The types and concentrations of sweeteners in common prescription liquid and chewable medications for pediatric use were determined by manufacturer survey. Oral-liquid and chewable antibiotic, antifungal, bronchodilator, antihistamine, anticonvulsant, and miscellaneous products were identified. The manufactures were asked by telephone the type and amount of sweeteners in their products. Two follow-up letters requested confirmation of the sweetener contents; manufacturers' approval for publication of the information was also requested by mail. Sweetener information on 160 preparations was obtained. For antibiotics such as ampicillin, amoxicillin, erythromycin ethylsuccinate, and penicillin VK, products from different manufacturers had a wide range of sucrose concentration (18%-80%). Only four antibiotic preparations were sucrose free. The bronchodilators and antihistamines contained either sucrose, sorbitol, or saccharin. The anticonvulsants contained 0%-60% sucrose. Health-care practitioners who prescribe or dispense oral liquid or chewable prescription drug products should know that products in a given category can vary in type and amount of sweetener.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3348227&dopt=Abstract
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