Drugs online research references
Scand J Infect Dis. 1987;19(4):421-6.
Penicillin tolerance in beta-streptococci isolated from patients with tonsillitis.
Grahn E, Holm SE, Roos K.
Department of Clinical Bacteriology, University of Umea, Sweden.
Beta-streptococci isolated from patients with acute tonsillitis were tested for penicillin tolerance defined as an MBC/MIC ratio greater than or equal to 16. 11/18 strains recovered from patients with clinical treatment failure were tolerant to penicillin in comparison with 0/15 strains from successfully treated patients. The MBC/MIC ratio was less than 16 for all strains versus cefadroxil but above that ratio for many strains versus clindamycin, doxycycline and erythromycin. We suggest that penicillin tolerance may be one reason to treatment failures in individuals with streptococcal tonsillitis and that other antibiotics could be used to treat these patients since penicillin tolerance is not correlated to a general increase in antibiotic resistance.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3118452&dopt=Abstract
Allergy. 1987 Oct;42(7):502-6.
Antibodies to penicillin in children receiving long-term secondary prophylaxis for rheumatic fever.
Strannegard IL, Majeed HA, Ahlstedt S.
Dept. of Paediatrics, University of Kuwait.
The occurrence of IgE and IgG antibodies to penicillin G and V in children on long-term treatment with penicillin as secondary prophylaxis for rheumatic fever was studied using Phadebas RAST (Pharmacia Diagnostics, Uppsala, Sweden) and ELISA respectively. The duration of the prophylaxis ranged between 1.5 months and 5 years (mean 1.8 years). Of 18 patients who had been given penicillin for more than 1.5 months, two had IgE antibodies and 12 had IgG antibodies to penicillin. Patients with acute rheumatic fever who had not yet received long-term treatment with penicillin had antibodies of the IgG class in two out of 12 cases. The patients gave no history of adverse reactions to the penicillin injections and there were no signs of immune complex-mediated disease. The two children who had IgE antibodies were switched to oral erythromycin instead of the penicillin injections. Penicillin is the drug of choice in the prophylaxis of rheumatic fever and can apparently be safely given as intramuscular injections of depot-penicillin to prevent recurrences of the disease and ensuing cardiac damage.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3120614&dopt=Abstract
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1987 Oct;31(10):1474-7.
Efficacy of orally administered penicillin V for prophylaxis of experimentally induced streptococcal endocarditis.
Pujadas R, Escriva E, Jane J, Galera MC, Fava P, Garau J, Mirelis B.
Department of Medicine, Hospital Central Q.S. La Alianza, Terrassa, Spain.
Four oral penicillin V regimens were compared for the ability to prevent Streptococcus sanguis infection of experimentally induced valvular heart lesions in rabbits. Challenge doses of 10(4), 10(6), and 10(8) CFU of a penicillin-susceptible strain of S. sanguis were used in this study. Measured by recovery of test organisms from endocardial lesions, the lowest-concentration inoculum was infective for 53% of the recipients; the higher-concentration inocula were infective for all recipients. A single-oral-dose penicillin V regimen (36 mg/kg of body weight) prevented endocarditis when rabbits were challenged with 10(4) CFU, but protection diminished with increasing inoculum concentrations. In contrast, addition of a second penicillin V dose (18 mg/kg of body weight) administered with a 7-h interval between doses achieved fully effective prophylaxis against even the highest inoculum tested (10(8) CFU). A repeated set of experiments in which half the dose of penicillin V was administered showed significantly reduced protection against S. sanguis endocarditis.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3124728&dopt=Abstract
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