Drugs online research references
Clin Allergy. 1987 May;17(3):229-34.
Penicillin in milk--its importance in urticaria.
Ormerod AD, Reid TM, Main RA.
Fifty patients with recurrent urticaria were tested by means of the RAST test for penicillin allergy. Fifteen patients had positive reactions and of these, thirteen received provocation tests with 0.1 U/ml of penicillin in milk. Four had definite positive reactions, three doubtful reactions and six had no reaction. Although there has been improvement in the purity of milk, penicillin residues remain a potential cause of urticaria even in very low amounts and could have contributed to the urticaria in at least 8% of our patients. Veterinary use of antibiotics and food quality should be strictly regulated to prevent contamination of our diet.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3038373&dopt=Abstract
Biochem Pharmacol. 1986 Jan 15;35(2):151-8.
Uptake of benzylpenicillin, cefpiramide and cefazolin by freshly prepared rat hepatocytes. Evidence for a carrier-mediated transport system.
Tsuji A, Terasaki T, Takanosu K, Tamai I, Nakashima E.
The kinetics and mechanism of the hepatic uptake of beta-lactam antibiotics were studied by using freshly prepared rat hepatocytes. The initial uptake rates of benzylpenicillin and cefpiramide represented both saturable and nonsaturable transport processes, whereas that of cefazolin showed an apparently nonsaturable uptake process within the concentration range below 4 mM. The apparent nonsaturable uptake rate constants for benzylpenicillin, cefpiramide and cefazolin were 0.580, 0.047 and 0.289 nmoles/min/mg protein/mM respectively. The apparent values of Kt and Vmax describing the saturable transport were 0.473 +/- 0.158 mM and 2.02 +/- 0.48 nmoles/min/mg protein for benzylpenicillin and 0.847 +/- 0.254 mM and 0.70 +/- 0.18 nmoles/min/mg protein for cefpiramide respectively. The Arrhenius plot of benzylpenicillin uptake of 200 microM presented a single straight line in the range of 22 degrees-37 degrees with an activation energy of 16.8 kcal/mole. An energy requirement was also demonstrated for benzylpenicillin uptake as metabolic inhibitors (antimycin A, NaCN, rotenone and 2,4-dinitrophenol) significantly reduced the initial uptake rate of benzylpenicillin (P less than 0.05). Uptake of benzylpenicillin (200 microM) was not inhibited by ouabain (1 mM). Benzylpenicillin uptake was inhibited competitively by phenoxymethylpenicillin, cefpiramide and cefazolin with the inhibition constants, Ki, of 0.680, 0.583 and 11.7 mM respectively. Benzylpenicillin also inhibited competitively the uptake of cefpiramide with a Ki of 0.655 mM. From these results it was considered that a carrier-mediated uptake system participates in the hepatic uptake of at least four of the beta-lactam antibiotics examined in this study.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3080003&dopt=Abstract
Laryngoscope. 1999 Dec;109(12):1978-81.
Penicillin reduces new bone formation in acute otitis media.
Caye-Thomasen P, Tos M.
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Gentofte University Hospital of Copenhagen, Denmark.
OBJECTIVE: Previous studies have shown that acute otitis media alters modeling dynamics in bone tissue structures surrounding the middle ear cavity. Initial resorption is followed by formative activity, which is seen as massive osteoneogenesis. However, neither resorptive nor formative activity occurs in the otic capsule, supporting the theory on existence of a perilymphatic barrier of specialized bone. STUDY DESIGN: To investigate the effect of penicillin administration on the pathological bone modeling in acute otitis media, we employed a rat model of acute pneumococcal otitis media. METHODS: Five rats were sacrificed on postinoculation days 4, 8, 16, 90, and 180, preceded by oral administration of penicillin V 100 mg/kg per day, initiated on day 2 and lasting 5 (2) days. Using a light microscope, bone histomorphology was registered and the thickness measured in four well-defined localities, followed by comparison with a previous study of untreated animals. RESULTS: Measured bone thickness was unaffected by treatment on day 4, but significantly reduced in two localities on day 8 and in all localities on following days of sacrifice. Bone cytomorphology and histomorphology were otherwise unaffected by penicillin administration. CONCLUSION: Penicillin reduces new bone formation in acute otitis media, leaving other features of histomorphology unchanged.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10591358&dopt=Abstract
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