Drugs online research references
J Antimicrob Chemother. 1989 Nov;24(5):683-7.
In-vitro activity of ciprofloxacin and other agents against oral bacteria.
Wade WG.
Department of Oral Surgery, Dental School, University of Wales College of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK.
The susceptibility of 102 bacterial strains isolated from oral infections to ciprofloxacin, penicillin V, tetracycline and metronidazole was assessed by an agar dilution technique. Penicillin V was the most effective of the antimicrobials, with only three isolates resistant, while widespread resistance to tetracycline was seen. Metronidazole, as expected, was extremely effective against anaerobic isolates. Ciprofloxacin exhibited intermediate activity with the majority of MICs in the range of 1-4 mg/l. However, resistance was seen, particularly among Actinomyces and Wolinella species. In was concluded that, on the basis of these results, ciprofloxacin has limited potential for the treatment of oral infection but its potential for use in prophylaxis in head and neck surgery remains to be determined.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2513308&dopt=Abstract
Harefuah. 1989 Dec 15;117(12):430-2.
[Penicillin VK absorption during fasting and after eating]
[Article in Hebrew]
Sarel R, Miskin A, Ashkenazi A.
The absorption of penicillin VK (Rafapen) was evaluated in 12 children, 3-16 years.old, with infections due to penicillin-sensitive organisms. In each, 50 mg/kg of Rafapen was given after an overnight fast, and the next day the same amount was administered after a standard hospital breakfast. Blood samples were drawn before and 30, 60 and 90 min after the drug was given. Serum penicillin levels were determined by comparing the inhibition of growth on plates of Staphylococcus aureus (Oxford strain), with that of standard penicillin G concentrations. The serum levels after the overnight fast were higher, 4.75 U/ml, as compared to 3.38 U/ml 30 min after the drug was given following breakfast. This increase was abolished at 60 and 90 min, when the serum levels were 1.96 and 1.05 U/ml, respectively. We advise the use of oral penicillin VK in infections due to penicillin-sensitive organisms, without regard to feeding schedule.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2516005&dopt=Abstract
Mutagenesis. 1989 Nov;4(6):439-45.
In vitro and in vivo cytogenetic studies of three beta-lactam antibiotics (penicillin VK, ampicillin and carbenicillin).
Stemp G, Pascoe S, Gatehouse D.
Department of Genetic and Reproductive Toxicology, Glaxo Group Research Ltd., Ware, Herts, UK.
The in vitro and in vivo clastogenic potential of three beta-lactam antibiotics, ampicillin, carbenicillin and penicillin VK, was investigated using cultured human lymphocytes and the rat micronucleus test. Neither ampicillin nor carbenicillin induced significant increases in chromosome damage in vitro up to test concentrations of 10 mg/ml. These results contrast with other published studies on these compounds. Both drugs were also inactive in vivo in the rat micronucleus test, using single- or double-dosing regimens (ampicillin 5 g/kg orally; carbenicillin 500 mg/kg i.m., either dosed once 30 h before marrow preparation, or dosed twice 48 and 24 h before marrow preparation). In vitro, penicillin VK induced a dose-related increase in chromosome and chromatid gaps and breaks, down to concentrations of 1.25 mg/ml. It is likely that the increase in aberration frequency was partly the result of exposing the cells to increased K+ ion concentration, as similar results were obtained when potassium chloride was evaluated over the same molar concentration range. However, the occurrence of 'ion-mediated' clastogenic effects as reported by other workers, does not fully account for the positive effects obtained with this compound, as clastogenic effects were also observed with penicillin V in this test system at similar test concentrations. It is known that exposure of mammalian cells to extremely high concentrations of beta-lactams can affect DNA polymerase alpha activity. An inhibitory effect upon DNA polymerase alpha resulting in a breakdown in the structural integrity of the chromosomes, is suggested as an additional mechanism of action for penicillin VK.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2516222&dopt=Abstract
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