Drugs online research references
Toxicology. 1989 Jun 1;56(2):123-36.
Toxicity studies of amphetamine sulfate, ampicillin trihydrate, codeine, 8-methoxypsoralen, alpha-methyldopa, penicillin VK and propantheline bromide in rats and mice.
Dunnick JK, Elwell MR.
National Toxicology Program, National Institutes of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.
Thirteen-week toxicity studies in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice were conducted to determine general toxicity and target organ toxicity with amphetamine sulfate, ampicillin trihydrate, codeine, 8-methoxypsoralen, alpha-methyldopa sesquihydrate, penicillin VK, and propantheline bromide. This paper discusses the toxicity observed; use of the toxicity data to set dose levels for subsequent 2-year studies; and comparison of dose levels administered to rodents with doses used in the treatment of human disease. Drugs were administered orally in the feed or by gavage. The lowest doses in the 13-week studies were comparable to therapeutic doses in man on a mg/m2 (body surface area) basis or 5-10 times doses used in man on a mg/kg body weight basis. Little toxicity was seen at the low dose level with ampicillin, penicillin VK, 8-methoxypsoralen or propantheline bromide. At higher doses, target organ toxicity seen included the urinary bladder in male rats after propantheline bromide; the glandular stomach in rats and mice after penicillin VK; the liver and adrenals in rats after 8-methoxypsoralen; and the kidney in mice and rats after alpha-methyldopa. After amphetamine, codeine, or ampicillin administration, no target organ toxicity was seen in rats or mice, even at doses which caused body weight gain depression. The high doses chosen for subsequent 2-year studies were within 10 times human dose levels when compared on a mg/m2 body surface area.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2499954&dopt=Abstract
Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss. 1989 May;82(5):779-84.
[54 cases of infectious endocarditis seen in 32 years in a population of 2038 congenital heart diseases]
[Article in French]
Corone P, Levy A, Hallali P, Davido A, Wyler Y, Corone A.
Consultation de medecine, Groupe hospitalier Pitie-Salpetriere, Paris.
A longitudinal study of a 32-year period (1954-1987) involving 2038 patients with congenital heart defects followed by the same physician yielded 54 cases of infective endocarditis (IE). Complex cyanogenic cardiopathies were particularly exposed to the risk of infection (8.2 IE for 1000 patient-years), then came ventricular septal defects (2.4), tetralogy of Fallot (2.3), aortic stenosis (2.0) and atrioventricular canal (1.7). The risk was smaller in patients with Eisenmerger complex (1.2), persistent arterial canal (1.4) and coarctation (0.7). Patients under 10 years of age (16.7%) were less affected than young adults in the 20-29 years age-group (33.4%). The organisms most frequently isolated were streptococci (42%); staphylococci ranked second (23%). Less common organisms were found in 14% of the cases, and blood cultures were negative in 21%. Systemic prophylaxis with penicillin V, introduced 16 years ago, seems to have almost halved the incidence of infective endocarditis due to penicillin-sensitive organisms.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2500102&dopt=Abstract
Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1989 Aug;8(8):511-5.
Medical histories of children with acute pyelonephritis compared with controls.
Marild S, Jodal U, Mangelus L.
Department of Pediatrics, Gothenburg University, Sweden.
The medical history of infants and preschool children with their first known episode of pyelonephritis was obtained by questionnaire and compared with that of controls matched for age, sex and living area. Previous infection, medical consultation and antibiotic treatment were registered significantly more often in the patients. Furthermore a high proportion of cases had recently received antibiotic therapy, primarily penicillin V. Urinary tract infections were reported more often among first degree relatives of the cases. Exclusive breast-feeding was significantly shorter in the pyelonephritis patients, according both to the questionnaire and to the records from the Child Health Centers. The two populations were not shown to differ in birth weight or length, neonatal history, number of hospitalizations, previous episodes of fever or frequency of atopic disease in the families.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2505221&dopt=Abstract
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