Drugs online research references
Acta Otolaryngol Suppl. 1984;407:43-9.
Activity of common antibiotics against Branhamella catarrhalis, Haemophilus influenzae, pneumococci, group A streptococci and Staphylococcus aureus in 1983.
Forsgren A, Walder M.
The activity of phenoxymethylpenicillin (PcV), ampicillin, cefaclor, cefuroxime, chloramphenicol, co trimoxazole, doxycycline and erythromycin against clinical isolates of Branhamella catarrhalis, Haemophilus influenzae, pneumococci, group A streptococci and Staphylococcus aureus in 1983 was investigated with the MIC-method (plate-dilution technique). Forty-six percent of B. catarrhalis, 2% of H. influenzae and 78% of S. aureus were beta-lactamase producing and had high MIC-values for penicillin and ampicillin. Thus MIC for 90% of all strains of B. catarrhalis was 32 mg/l and 8 mg/l for penicillin and ampicillin while MIC for 90% of non beta-lactamase producing Branhamella strains was 2 mg/l and 0.25 mg/l respectively. This indicates a high susceptibility of penicillins to the action of Branhamella beta-lactamase. Almost all strains of B. catarrhalis, pneumococci, group A streptococci and S. aureus were inhibited at low concentrations of erythromycin. However, 4 mg/l was required to inhibit 90% of H. influenzae. Co-trimoxazole and doxycycline had good activity against all B. catarrhalis and H. influenzae strains while a few pneumococci, streptococci and staphylococci had intermediate sensitivity or were resistant. Essentially all strains were sensitive to cefuroxime and chloramphenicol.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6437134&dopt=Abstract
J Antibiot (Tokyo). 1984 Oct;37(10):1217-23.
Enzymatic synthesis of phenoxymethylpenicillin using Erwinia aroideae enzyme.
Nam DH, Ryu DD.
Enzymatic synthesis of phenoxymethylpenicillin from 6-aminopenicillanic acid and phenoxyacetic acid methyl ester was attempted by using partially purified alpha-acylamino-beta-lactam acylhydrolase I (ALAHase I) enzyme from Erwinia aroideae NRRL B-138. The reaction rates were carefully followed by determination of 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA), phenoxymethylpenicillin (PNV), phenoxyacetic acid (POA), phenoxyacetic acid methyl ester (POM), and phenoxyacetylglycine (POG) using high performance liquid chromatography. Among the acyl donors tested, POM gave the highest yield (12.2% based on 6-APA). The overall conversion increased almost linearly with an increase in molar ratio of POM to 6-APA up to 4:1. The effects of organic solvents on the overall yield were also evaluated. Some improvement of PNV yield was observed when ethanol, 2-propanol, and acetone were used. ALAHase I was found to carry out three reactions simultaneously: transfer of acyl group to acyl acceptor to form semisynthetic beta-lactam antibiotic; hydrolysis of acyl donor in amide or ester bond, and hydrolysis of semisynthetic beta-lactam antibiotic which was produced by the enzyme. It was also observed that the hydrolysis reactions of POM and PNV were irreversible in this reaction system. The optimal pH for the three reactions was different. They were: pH 9.0 for POM hydrolysis, 6.8 for the transfer of phenoxyacetyl group to 6-APA, and 6.0 for the PNV hydrolysis. The apparent Km values for POM, 6-APA and PNV were estimated as 33, 25 and 31 mM, respectively.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6438038&dopt=Abstract
Padiatr Padol. 1979;14(4):477-80.
[Therapy of bacterial infections in infancy and childhood (author's transl)]
[Article in German]
Fink M, May L.
83 in-patients, age 3 months to 12 years, with tonsillitis, otitis, bronchitis and pneumonia were treated with a new galenic preparation of phenoxymethylpenicillin V potassium (Star-Pen Trockensirus SANABO). The drug was very well tolerated, no skin-rash was observed, no problems occurred with the oral administration. Diarrhea, not infrequent in oral penicillin therapy, was -- with one exception -- not noticed in patients above one year of age.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=119204&dopt=Abstract
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