Drugs online research references
Scand J Infect Dis. 1990;22(2):179-85.
Outbreaks of infections with erythromycin-resistant group A streptococci in child day care centres.
Holmstrom L, Nyman B, Rosengren M, Wallander S, Ripa T.
Department of Infectious Diseases, County Hospital, Halmstad, Sweden.
Erythromycin-resistant group A streptococci (ERGAS) are considered rare in Sweden. In the county of Halland (240,000 inhabitants) in southern Sweden, we had 294 isolates of ERGAS between January 1984 and June 1985. Almost all strains were of T-type 12 and only resistant to erythromycin (MIC values approximately 8 g/l). Seven child day care centres (DCC) were involved in the outbreaks and on average 49% of all children were infected in each outbreak. Employees were seldom infected (8%), but parents and siblings more often (23% and 36%). One course of phenoxymethylpenicillin succeeded in eradicating ERGAS from 75% of those infected. The ERGAS strains are now established in southern Sweden and account for about 2% of all group A streptococcal infections in the county of Halland.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2113310&dopt=Abstract
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1990 May;34(5):718-21.
Biological characterization of a new radioactive labeling reagent for bacterial penicillin-binding proteins.
Preston DA, Wu CY, Blaszczak LC, Seitz DE, Halligan NG.
Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285.
Radiolabeled penicillin G is widely used as the imaging agent in penicillin-binding protein (PBP) assays. The disadvantages of most forms of labeled penicillin G are instability on storage and the long exposure times usually required for autoradiography or fluorography of electrophoretic gels. We investigated the utility of radioiodinated penicillin V as an alternative reagent. Radioiodination of p-(trimethylstannyl)penicillin V with [125I]Na, using a modification of the chloramine-T method, is simple, high yielding, and site specific. We demonstrated the general equivalence of commercially obtained [3H]penicillin G and locally synthesized [125I]penicillin V (IPV) in their recognition of bacterial PBPs. Profiles of PBPs in membranes from Bacteroides fragilis, Escherichia coli, Providencia rettgeri, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Enterococcus faecalis, and Enterococcus faecium labeled with IPV or [3H]penicillin G were virtually identical. Use of IPV as the imaging agent in competition experiments for determination of the affinities of various beta-lactam antibiotics for the PBPs of E. coli yielded results similar to those obtained in experiments with [3H]penicillin G. Dried electrophoretic gels from typical PBP experiments, using IPV at 37.3 Ci/mmol and 30 micrograms/ml, exposed X-ray film in 8 to 24 h. The stability of IPV on storage at 4 degrees C was inversely proportional to specific activity. At 37.3 Ci/mmol and 60 micrograms/ml, IPV retained useful activity for at least 60 days at 4 degrees C. IPV represents a practical and stable reagent for rapid PBP assays.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2113792&dopt=Abstract
Am J Epidemiol. 1990 Aug;132(2):336-42.
Serum sickness in children after antibiotic exposure: estimates of occurrence and morbidity in a health maintenance organization population.
Heckbert SR, Stryker WS, Coltin KL, Manson JE, Platt R.
Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.
The computerized outpatient records of the Harvard Community Health Plan, a 230,000-member health maintenance organization, were used to determine the frequency with which serum sickness is recognized in the practice setting after exposure to antibiotics. The medical records of 3,487 children who had been prescribed cefaclor or amoxicillin were searched in December 1986 for coded diagnoses of serum sickness and related conditions. Diagnoses were validated by blinded review of dictated and written office notes. There were 12 cases of serum sickness in 11,523 child-years. During this time, these children were prescribed 13,487 courses of amoxicillin, 5,597 courses of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ), 3,553 courses of cefaclor, and 2,325 courses of penicillin V. Serum sickness was considered to be antibiotic-related if it occurred within 20 days of initiation of antibiotic therapy. Five cases were temporally associated with cefaclor, one with both amoxicillin and TMP-SMZ, four with TMP-SMZ alone, and one with penicillin V alone. One case was not associated with any antibiotic exposure. All antibiotic-related cases occurred in children under age 6 years who were treated for otitis media or streptococcal pharyngitis, and most cases began 7-11 days after initiation of antibiotic. All but one of the antibiotic-related cases occurred in children who had relatively heavy lifetime antibiotic exposure. The risk of serum sickness was significantly elevated after cefaclor compared with amoxicillin, even among the most heavily exposed children (relative risk = 14.8, p = 0.01, 95% confidence interval 2.0-352.0). Most cases prompted several physician visits, but none required hospitalization.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2115293&dopt=Abstract
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