Drugs online research references
J Chromatogr. 1992 May 8;576(2):315-20.
Determination of penicillin G in bovine plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography after pre-column derivatization.
Boison JO, Korsrud GO, MacNeil JD, Keng L, Papich M.
Health of Animals Laboratory, Agriculture Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan.
A simple, selective, and sensitive liquid chromatographic method with ultraviolet detection was developed for the analysis of penicillin G in bovine plasma. The assay utilizes a simple extraction of penicillin G from plasma (with a known amount of penicillin V added as internal standard) with water, dilute sulphuric acid and sodium tungstate solutions, followed by concentration on a conditioned C18 solid-phase extraction column. After elution with 500 microliters of elution solution, the penicillins are derivatized with 500 microliters of 1,2,4-triazole-mercuric chloride solution at 65 degrees C for 30 min. The penicillin-mercury mercaptide complexes are separated by reversed-phase liquid chromatography on a C18 column. The method, which has a detection limit of 5 ng/ml (ppb) in bovine plasma, was used to quantitatively measure the concentrations of penicillin G in plasma of steers at a series of intervals after the intramuscular administration of a commercial formulation of procaine penicillin G.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1400719&dopt=Abstract
Laryngol Rhinol Otol (Stuttg). 1977 Sep;56(9):756-9.
[Treatment of acute maxillary sinusitis with oral penicillin (author's transl)]
[Article in German]
Gschnait I.
The present study was performed in order to pinpoint whether or not the oral penicillin treatment of the acute purulent maxillary sinusitis, which represents a common treatment modality in general practice, is in fact effective. The efficacy of penicillin V was tested in 32 patients under controlled conditions. In 24 out of 32 cases, which have been treated by administration of 4 X 1 tablet of Ospen 1500 per day, the acute signs and symptoms disappeared completely within a period of 7.4 +/- 2.02 days. The values obtained 4-5 hours after administration of 1 tablet of Ospen 1500 were significantly higher than the minimal inhibitory penicillin concentration for the bacteria tested. The plasma and sinus secret pencillin concentration time curves were found to be parallel. This implies similar kinetics of penicillin V in the plasma and the sinus secret. Since the present study shows that after oral administration penicillin is present in the nasal sinus secret in sufficient concentrations, oral penicillin therapy has been proven a necessful treatment of acute purulent maxillary sinusitis.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=143570&dopt=Abstract
Prescrire Int. 2003 Oct;12(67):184-9.
Acute otitis media in children: amoxicillin remains the standard antibiotic, but justified in certain situations only.
[No authors listed]
(1) The best-assessed antibacterial agents in otitis are penicillin V and amoxicillin. No other antibacterial agents are any more effective in clinical trials. (2) In France, amoxicillin seems the best choice because it is still active against pneumococci with diminished sensitivity to penicillin. Also, amoxicillin causes very few serious adverse effects. (3) There is no firm evidence that clavulanic acid makes amoxicillin any more effective. In fact the combination of amoxicillin + clavulanic acid causes more gastrointestinal adverse effects (including potentially severe diarrhoea) than any other antibacterial agent. (4) For patients who are allergic to penicillin, a macrolide such as erythromycin, or cotrimoxazole, appear to be acceptable first-line alternatives. (5) According to a reliable randomised trial, delaying the decision about antibacterial treatment by 72 hours in children with acute otitis media does no harm. If the decision is delayed, three quarters of children avoid antibacterial therapy altogether. (6) Patients get no extra benefit from extending treatment beyond 5 to 7 days. (7) Prolonged treatment, and the use of low doses are risk factors for subsequent carriage of resistant bacteria. (8) There are no comparative trials of antibacterial agents in children at high risk of severe or complicated disease including infants under 3 months old, children with immunosuppression, and those with high fever.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=14619906&dopt=Abstract
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