Drugs online research references
Prescrire Int. 1998 Aug;7(36):101-2.
Cefpodoxime: new dosage. A new, unproven, dose regimen.
[No authors listed]
(1) Oral cefpodoxime, a third-generation cephalosporin, has a reduced treatment duration for recurrent pharyngitis; but this is based on a single unblinded trial. (2) At the end of the 5-day treatment during the trial, the clinical efficacy of cefpodoxime was no different from that of a 10-day course of penicillin V or the amoxicillin + clavulanate combination. (3) The relapse rate at 6 months is uninterpretable because many patients were lost to follow-up and were not included in the statistical analysis. To our knowledge the second indication granted for cefpodoxime, chronic tonsillitis, has not been validated in clinical trials. (4) Trivialising cefpodoxime may induce antibiotic resistance.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10342944&dopt=Abstract
J Biotechnol. 1990 Mar;13(4):251-6.
Comparison of the performances of stirred tank and airlift tower loop reactors.
Schugerl K.
Institut fur Technische Chemie, Universitat Hannover, F.R.G.
Following a consideration of the prerequisites for reactor comparison and the fundamental differences between stirred tank and airlift tower loop reactors, their performances are compared for the production of secondary metabolites: penicillin V by Penicillium chrysogenum, cephalosporin C by Cephalosporium acremonium, and tetracycline by Streptomyces aureofaciens. In stirred tank reactors, cell mass concentrations, volumetric productivities, and specific power inputs are higher than in airlift tower loop reactors. In the latter, efficiencies of oxygen transfer are higher, and specific productivities with regard to power input, substrate and oxygen consumptions, and yield coefficients of product formation with regard to substrate and oxygen consumptions are considerably higher than in stirred tank reactors. The prerequisites for improved performance are discussed.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1367443&dopt=Abstract
J Ind Microbiol. 1990 Nov;6(3):165-9.
Penicillin production by glucose-derepressed mutants of Penicillium chrysogenum.
Chang LT, McGrory EL, Elander RP.
Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Industrial Division, Syracuse, NY 13221-4755.
Wild-type strains of Penicillium chrysogenum produce lower penicillin V titers in media containing excess glucose. Two mutant strains were isolated and shown to produce normal penicillin V titers in the presence of excess glucose. These strains, designated as glucose-repression insensitive (GRI) mutants, produced higher penicillin V titers than the wild-type strain in media containing lactose as the main carbohydrate source. In lactose-based media, the production of penicillin V was depressed to a much lesser extent by in-cycle additions of glucose with the GRI mutants when compared to the wild-type strain. In short-term biosynthesis experiments using washed cells in a medium containing glucose as the sole carbon source, the GRI mutants produced penicillin V at a faster rate than the wild-type strain. In fed-batch fermentations in 14-liter fermentors, where glucose was fed continuously and pH controlled, both GRI mutants produced more than 10% higher penicillin V titers than the wild-type strain. These results suggest that isolation of GRI mutants is an effective way to select for higher producing strains and that the synthesis of penicillin synthesizing enzymes in GRI mutants may be less repressed by glucose than in wild-type strains.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1367481&dopt=Abstract
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