Drugs online research references
Allergy. 1998 Dec;53(12):1155-61.
In vitro lymphocyte proliferation in the diagnosis of allergy to phenoxymethylpenicillin.
Cederbrant K, Stejskal V, Broman P, Lindkvist L, Sundell K.
Safety Assessment, Astra AB, Sodertalje, Sweden.
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to investigate in vitro lymphocyte proliferation in the diagnosis of allergy to phenoxymethylpenicillin (PcV), comparing chemically reactive PcV, added to cell cultures in unconjugated form, to a PcV-PLL (poly-L-lysine) conjugate as antigens. Side-chain specificity of lymphoproliferative responses was investigated with reactive benzylpenicillin (PcG) and bacampicillin. METHODS: Seventeen patients with a history of hypersensitivity reactions in connection with PcV treatment were studied by means of the lymphocyte transformation test (LTT), the radioallergosorbent test (RAST), skin tests (prick and intracutaneous), and oral challenge with PcV. LTT was also performed in 20 control subjects exposed to PcV therapeutically, and in eight subjects with occupational exposure to this penicillin. RESULTS: Nine patients had a positive in vivo test to PcV (five by oral challenge, three by intracutaneous test, and one by both tests), and six were challenge-negative. When reactive PcV was used as antigen in LTT, positive LTT responses were observed in five of the nine patients with a positive in vivo test, and two of them were also side-chain specific. Positive LTT responses with reactive PcV also correlated with a positive RAST in five of seven subjects. None of the six patients with a negative challenge test, and only one of the 28 controls showed a positive LTT result with reactive PcV. Thus, the specificity of LTT with reactive PcV was 96%. In contrast, when PLL-conjugated PcV served as antigen, four challenge-negative subjects and 11 controls were LTT-positive. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that LTT with chemically reactive PcV could be useful as an in vitro complement in the diagnosis of PcV allergy and as a tool to reveal the side-chain specificity of peripheral blood lymphocytes. A positive LTT to PLL-conjugated PcV may be an indicator of immunization, but not necessarily allergy, to the penicilloyl structure.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9930591&dopt=Abstract
Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi. 2003 Feb;44(1):1-6.
[Simultaneous determination of five penicillins in muscle, liver and kidney from slaughtered animals using liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry]
[Article in Japanese]
Hatano K.
Fukuoka City Institute for Hygiene and Environment: 2-1-34, Jigyohama, Chuo-ku, Fukuoka 810-0065, Japan.
A simple and rapid method for the simultaneous determination of five penicillins (ampicillin, penicillin G, penicillin V, oxacillin and cloxacillin) in muscle, liver and kidney tissues using high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) was developed. Mass spectral acquisition was done in the negative ion mode by applying selected reaction monitoring (SRM). The five penicillins were extracted with water, and the extracted solution was cleaned up on a C18 cartridge. Phenethicillin was added as an internal standard, and the extract was diluted with water for injection into the LC-ESI-MS/MS. The recoveries of the five penicillins were in the range of 77.3-99.8% from muscle, liver and kidney fortified at 10-250 ng/g. The detection limits for ampicillin were 6 ng/g in muscle and kidney and 15 ng/g in liver. For penicillin G and penicillin V, the detection limits were 2 ng/g in muscle and kidney and 5 ng/g in liver. For oxacillin and cloxacillin, the detection limits were 4 ng/g in muscle and kidney and 10 ng/g in liver. Twenty-three muscle, fourteen liver and twenty-two kidney samples from the markets were analyzed by this method. No penicillins were detected in any sample.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12749189&dopt=Abstract
Chemotherapy. 1992;38(5):330-4.
In vitro activity of meropenem and other agents against oral bacteria.
Wade WG, Bishop P.
Department of Oral Surgery, Dental School, Cardiff, UK.
The susceptibility of 106 oral bacteria to meropenem, a new carbapenem antimicrobial, penicillin V, tetracycline and metronidazole was assessed by an agar dilution method. Meropenem was the most effective of the antimicrobials, with all strains tested being inhibited at < or = 1 mg/l. A number of strains were resistant to penicillin V, particularly Bacteroides gracilis, and tetracycline resistance was widespread amongst the streptococci tested. Metronidazole was extremely effective against obligate anaerobes. The results of this study suggest that meropenem has potential for use in the treatment of serious head and neck infections.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1286575&dopt=Abstract
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