Drugs online research references
Acta Otolaryngol. 1996 Nov;116(6):892-5.
In situ localization of Streptococcus pyogenes during acute tonsillitis: an immunocytochemical study with gold markers.
Fredriksen F, Myklebust R, Olsen R, Raisanen S, Stenfors LE.
Department of Otolaryngology, University of Tromso, Norway.
Epithelial cells were harvested from the surface of the palatine tonsils of seven patients with current acute tonsillitis, proven culture-positive for Streptococcus pyogenes. The epithelial cells harboured attached bacteria, which expressed positive affinity to gold-labelled antiserum to S. pyogenes. The gold particles adhered selectively to the bacterial capsules. The microorganisms were held in place by projections protruding from the epithelial cells, which were in close contact with the pili of the bacteria. In some areas, positive immunogold-labelled bacteria intermingled with bacteria lacking such labelling. None of the culture-negative controls harboured epithelial cells with positive immunogold-labelled bacteria. Orally administered phenoxymethylpenicillin caused a significant reduction in both culture-positive S. pyogenes and bacteria displaying positive coating with specific gold-labelled antiserum to S. pyogenes.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8973728&dopt=Abstract
J Endod. 2003 Jan;29(1):44-7.
Antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria associated with endodontic abscesses.
Baumgartner JC, Xia T.
Department of Endodontology, Oregon Health and Science University School of Dentistry, Portland 97201, USA.
Antibiotics to treat endodontic infections are routinely prescribed based on previously published susceptibility tests. There is increased concern that bacteria have increased resistance to the currently recommended antibiotics. The purpose of this investigation was to perform antibiotic susceptibility tests on a panel of bacteria recently isolated from endodontic infections. The bacteria in this study were aseptically aspirated with a needle from endodontic abscesses, cultivated, and identified at the species level. Each of the 98 species of bacteria was tested for antibiotic susceptibility to a panel of six antibiotics using the Etest. The antibiotics were penicillin V, amoxicillin, amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, clindamycin, metronidazole, and clarithromycin. The percentages of susceptibility for the 98 species were penicillin V: 83/98 (85%), amoxicillin: 89/98 (91%), amoxicillin + clavulanic acid: 98/98 (100%), clindamycin: 94/98 (96%), and metronidazole: 44/98 (45%). Metronidazole had the greatest amount of bacterial resistance; however, if it is used in combination with penicillin V or amoxicillin, susceptibility of the combination with penicillin V or amoxicillin increased to 93% and 99%, respectively. Clarithromycin seems to have efficacy, but it is still considered an antibiotic under investigation because the minimum inhibitory concentration has not been established.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12540219&dopt=Abstract
J Chromatogr B Biomed Appl. 1996 Apr 26;679(1-2):129-35.
Determination of penicillin-V in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography and solid-phase extraction.
Krauwinkel WJ, Volkers-Kamermans NJ.
Biopharmaceutical Department, Yamanouchi Europe B.V., Leiderdorp, Netherlands.
A high-performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the determination of penicillin-V concentrations between 0.1 and 19 micrograms/ml in human plasma. Penicillin-V was isolated from plasma by solid-phase extraction on a C18/OH cartridge. The extracts were injected onto a reversed-phase HPLC system. A 125 x 4 mm C18 column was used to separate penicillin-V from its main metabolites, 5R- and 5S-penicilloic acid and endogenous compounds. The eluent consisted of 66% 0.02 M phosphoric acid buffer, to which tetrabutylammonium dihydrogenphosphate and 34% acetonitrile were added. The column effluent was monitored by ultraviolet spectrophotometry at 269 nm. Using this method, penicillin-V concentrations in plasma could be determined with an accuracy between -5.4 and 5.2% and a precision between 0.8 and 1.6%. The method has proved to be reliable and was used in bioavailability studies for the development of a new oral penicillin-V formulation.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8998551&dopt=Abstract
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