Drugs online research references
Infection. 1996 Mar-Apr;24(2):170-3.
Therapy of Lyme borreliosis in children.
Krbkova L, Stanek G.
J. G. Mendel Children's Hospital, Dept. of Infectious Diseases, Brno, Czech Republic.
A retrospective open study was conducted to determine the efficacy of penicillin and ceftriaxone in children with skin manifestations of Lyme borreliosis (solitary erythema migrans, multiple erythemata, borrelial lymphocytoma) and neuroborreliosis, respectively. One hundred sixty children were treated with penicillin and 41 with ceftriaxone for an average of 12 days. Serum antibodies to borreliae were determined before therapy and 2-3 and 4-6 weeks thereafter. At admission 44%/26%,8%/42%, and 40%/35% of erythema migrans, borrelial lymphocytoma and neuroborreliosis patients, respectively, were IgM/IgG positive. Four to 6 weeks after treatment the percentage of seropositives was 20%/15%,8%/61%, and 21%/44%, respectively. A 3 months follow-up was completed with 151 children. No child showed clinical evidence of illness, nor were there abnormalities in laboratory parameters.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8740116&dopt=Abstract
J Emerg Med. 1996 Mar-Apr;14(2):213-22.
Antibiotic use in the emergency department: I. The penicillins and cephalosporins.
Pollack ES, Pollack CV Jr.
Department of Emergency Medicine, Maricopa Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona 85008, USA.
The penicillins and cephalosporins are beta-lactam agents that provide broad-spectrum antimicrobial coverage pertinent to many infectious diseases diagnosed in the emergency department. These groups of drugs also have in common their classification into subcategories or "generations" that delineate their usefulness in specific clinical scenarios such as infections with Gram-positive or -negative bacteria, Pseudomonas infections, or febrile neutropenic patients. Understanding these subcategories is essential to both efficacious and cost-effective use of these agents. This article reviews the pharmacology and clinical utility of the beta-lactams--including a new class of antibiotics, the carbacephams--for the emergency physician.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8740755&dopt=Abstract
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OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to identify the bacterial composition of the microbiota from acute endodontic abscesses/cellulitis and their antimicrobial susceptibilities. STUDY DESIGN: Purulence from 17 patients with acute endodontic abscesses/cellulitis was obtained by needle aspiration and processed under anaerobic conditions. Bacteria were isolated and identified by biochemical or molecular methods. The antimicrobial susceptibility of isolated bacteria was determined by using the Etest. RESULTS: All 17 aspirates contained a mix of microorganisms. A total of 127 strains of bacteria were isolated. Of 127 strains, 80 strains were anaerobes and 47 strains were aerobes. The mean number of strains per sample was 7.5 (range, 3 to 13). The average number of viable bacteria was 6.37 x 10(7) (range, 10(4) to 10(8)) colony-forming units/mL. Strict anaerobes and microaerophiles were the dominant bacteria in 82% (14 of 17) of the cases. The genera of bacteria most frequently encountered were Prevotella and Streptococcus. Prevotella and Peptostreptococcus were frequently found to dominate the mixture. The combination of Prevotella and Streptococcus was found in 53% (9 of 17). The previously reported uncultured Prevotella clone PUS9.180 was frequently identified. The percentage of bacteria susceptible/intermediate for each antibiotic in this study was penicillin V, 81% (95 of 118); metronidazole, 88% (51 of 58); amoxicillin, 85% (100 of 118); amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, 100% (118 of 118); and clindamycin, 89% (105 of 118). CONCLUSIONS: The present results confirm the existence of mixed infection with the predominance of anaerobic bacteria in acute endodontic abscesses/cellulitis. The frequency of uncultured Prevotella clone PUS9.180 suggests the possible key role of this Prevotella species in acute endodontic infections. Penicillin V still possesses antimicrobial activity against the majority of bacteria isolated from acute endodontic infections. However, if penicillin V therapy has failed to be effective, the combination of penicillin V with metronidazole or amoxicillin with clavulanic acid is recommended. Switching to clindamycin is another good alternative.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12464902&dopt=Abstract
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