Drugs online research references
Acta Otolaryngol. 1983 Mar-Apr;95(3-4):351-7.
Isolation of nasopharyngeal beta-lactamase producing Haemophilus influenzae, in relation to antibiotic treatment of acute otitis media in infants.
Freijd A, Rynnel-Dagoo B.
This report is a compilation of clinical data involving the isolation of beta-lactamase producing H. influenzae made during a prospective study of 82 children suffering from different degrees of otitis media. Nineteen strains were isolated from the nasopharynx of 17 infants. Of these 63% were treated with amoxicillin because of acute otitis media within one month prior to isolation. These bacteria were found significantly more often in children who were heavily otitis prone than less so (p less than 0.01). beta-lactamase-producing H. influenzae were also found more often after treatments with amoxicillin than after penicillin-V (p less than 0.01). At the time of the next nasopharyngeal culture taken 5 to 69 days later, beta-lactamase-producing. H. influenzae could no longer be found, except in 2 cases. In the absence of antibiotics these strains seem to be replaced by other bacteria, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and non-beta-lactamase H. influenzae.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6404124&dopt=Abstract
Rhinology. 1983 Jun;21(2):149-54.
Concentration of penicillin in nasopharyngeal secretions.
Schiratzki H, Nord CE, Svennerus K, Svensson C.
The penicillin concentration in the nasopharyngeal secretion after penicillin administration was studied in 33 patients undergoing tonsillectomy. Benzylpenicillin was either administrated by the intravenous or the intramuscular route in doses of 0.6-1.2 g. Phenoxymethylpenicillin was given perorally in doses of 0.5-1.0 g. The secretion from the nasopharynx was collected prior to the operation both in a disposable collector and on a filter paper disc. A serum sample was also drawn prior to and immediately after the operation. The serum penicillin concentration reached levels of 16.0 mg/l, 5.8 mg/l and 3.6 mg/l (mean values) when given by the intravenous, the intramuscular and the peroral route, respectively. The mean penicillin concentration in nasopharyngeal secretion was 1.6 mg/l, 0.3 mg/l and 0.3 mg/l for these three administration modes. In the majority of cases the concentration of penicillin in the nasopharyngeal secretion exceeded the minimum inhibitory concentration for Streptococcus pneumoniae (0.006-0.12 mg/l).
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6412350&dopt=Abstract
Cornell Vet. 1983 Oct;73(4):314-22.
Absorption and distribution patterns of oral phenoxymethyl penicillin (penicillin V) in the horse.
Schwark WS, Ducharme NG, Shin SJ, Beilman WT, Elwell JT.
Serum levels of phenoxymethyl penicillin (penicillin V; Pen V) were measured following oral administration of two different formulations of the drug to five healthy horses. The mean serum concentration profile was described by a two-compartment model with a first order rate of absorption. Half-lives of the absorption, distribution and elimination phases were, respectively, 0.199 +/- 0.035, 0.362 +/- 0.060 and 3.650 +/- 0.575 hours. The distribution of the drug to body fluid compartments other than serum was examined. Mean peak levels of Pen V in serum, synovial fluid, peritoneal fluid and urine were, respectively, 2.38 +/- 0.18, 0.35 +/- 0.02, 0.25 +/- 0.06 and 472 +/- 80 micrograms/ml with times to achieve peak concentration ranging from 30-360 minutes after oral administration. Steady state pharmacokinetic measurements predicted that minimum serum Pen V concentrations of 0.1 micrograms/ml would be maintained by oral administration of the drug (110,000 I.U./kg) at 8 hour intervals. Our data indicate that oral Pen V is a feasible approach to long-term penicillin therapy in the equine patient.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6414763&dopt=Abstract
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