Drugs online research references
Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2002 Jun;43(2):119-21.
Value of Etest penicillin V and penicillin G strips for penicillin susceptibility testing of Neisseria meningitidis.
Daher O, Lopardo HA, Rubeglio EA.
Hospital Zonal de Esquel, Provincia de Chubut, Argentina.
The NCCLS agar dilution method and Etest are currently accepted methods for susceptibility testing of Neisseria meningitidis to penicillin. We determined the MIC of penicillin V and penicillin G by both the agar dilution method and Etest using 43 strains of N. meningitidis. Although results for reference strains were within the accepted quality control range of penicillin MICs for both drugs, differences of two to three dilutions were seen between the two antibiotics with both methods. Penicillin V results cannot correctly predict the susceptibility to penicillin G for N. meningitidis if penicillin G breakpoints are used for penicillin V. However, adjusting the penicillin V breakpoints two dilutions higher (i.e., S < or = 0.25 and R > or = 8 microg/ml), concordance could be achieved for susceptibility categorization by the two compounds. An agreement of 98% +/- 1 dilution was obtained between Etest and the reference method when using penicillin G strips. We conclude that Etest with penicillin G strips is a convenient and reliable alternative method for determining the MICs of penicillin for N. meningitidis.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12088618&dopt=Abstract
Can Med Assoc J. 1975 Jun 21;112(12):1428-9.
Antibiotic abuse: the testimony of medical students.
Perry TL.
Surveys of the use of antimicrobial drugs on students during antimicrobial drugs on students during their first 15 months in medical or dental school indicate that they have been treated with these agents at least three times as frequently as seems reasonable, and that the tetracyclines, ampicillin, penicillin G and erythromycin are the chief drugs overused. Antimicrobiol therapy is frequently instituted for probable viral respiratory tract infections and without any attempt to establish a bacteriologic diagnosis. It is likely that anitmicrobiol agents are used more widely in treating the general public in Canada than in treating medical students. Improvements in the rational use of this important group of drugs could increase the quality and probably reduced the cost of medical care.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=806341&dopt=Abstract
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1994 May;38(5):973-80.
Use of biotinylated beta-lactams and chemiluminescence for study and purification of penicillin-binding proteins in bacteria.
Dargis M, Malouin F.
Departement de Microbiologie, Universite Laval, Quebec, Canada.
A new reagent for the detection of penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) was developed. An N-hydroxysuccinimide ester of biotin was used to tag beta-lactam antibiotics with free side chain amino groups such as ampicillin (BIO-AMP), 6-aminopenicillanic acid (BIO-APA), and 7-aminocephalosporanic acid (BIO-ACA). Bacterial PBPs from cells or isolated cytoplasmic membranes of Escherichia coli, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae were labeled with BIO-AMP, subjected to electrophoresis on sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gels, and transferred onto nitrocellulose membranes. Electrophoretic PBP profiles were detected on blots, using colorimetric or chemiluminescence systems, on the basis of the interaction of BIO-AMP-PBP complexes and a streptavidin-peroxidase conjugate. The chemiluminescent reaction permitted a high sensitivity of detection, and PBP profiles could be determined within seconds. All PBP profiles were similar to those obtained with a traditional PBP labeling technique with 125I-labeled penicillin V, except that an additional unidentified PBP (approximately 55,000 Da) was labeled with BIO-AMP in E. coli and H. influenzae. Differences in the intensities of labeling for specific PBPs were observed between the chemiluminescent and radioactive labeling agents and were attributed to the differences in their affinities for PBPs. Similarly, BIO-AMP, BIO-APA, and BIO-ACA produced different PBP profiles. We also investigated the use of BIO-AMP in PBP purification. BIO-AMP-PBP complexes from a mixture of H. influenzae proteins were allowed to bind to avidin immobilized on an agarose support in a microcentrifuge tube. After several washes in the presence of salts, PBPs were eluted by boiling and treatment with SDS. The eluted proteins were separated by electrophoresis on SDS-polyacrylamide gels, and biotinylated proteins were identified on blots by a chemiluminescence reaction. Biotinylation of beta-lactams is rapid, safe, and inexpensive. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of using biotinylated beta-lactams as nonradioactive reagents for the study of PBPs and for the purification of these proteins.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8067779&dopt=Abstract
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