Drugs online research references
Int J Oral Surg. 1982 Apr;11(2):106-9.
Concentration of phenoximethylpenicillin, clindamycin and tinidazole in dental cysts.
Bystedt H, Nord CE.
In the treatment of bacterial infections, adequate antibiotic concentrations must be realised at the site of infection. Levels of 3 antibiotics--phenoximethylpenicillin, clindamycin and tinidazole - were measured in serum and fluid of periapical odontogenic cysts in 30 patients undergoing enucleation of periapical cysts. After a single dose of 500 mg tinidazole, the concentration of tinidazole in the cystic fluid was 4.3 micrograms/ml, which was about 1/3 of the concentration in the serum. No measurable levels were achieved in the cystic fluid with phenoximethylpenicillin or clindamycin.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6809669&dopt=Abstract
Scand J Dent Res. 1982 Jun;90(3):193-9.
Effect of penicillin on Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis and lactobacilli in hamsters and in man.
Maltz M, Zickert I.
The effect of penicillin on the number of oral Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis and lactobacilli in hamsters and in man was investigated. This is of interest as S. mutans and lactobacilli are involved in the carious process while S. sanguis is not. Hamsters infected with both S. mutans and S. sanguis or only S. sanguis received penicillin in their drinking water for 14 d. The treatment reduced the proportion of S. mutans and S. sanguis in dental plaque to undetectable levels. After the penicillin treatment the population of S. mutans and S. sanguis gradually increased. In man, the effect of oral penicillin therapy was examined in 21 adults with more than 2 X 10(5) S. mutans per ml saliva. The penicillin treatment had almost no effect on the numbers of S. sanguis and lactobacilli, but a pronounced decrease in the number of S. mutans was observed. The duration of this effect, however, was short. Consequently, such treatment alone is of limited value for the control of the oral infection of these microorganisms.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6810446&dopt=Abstract
Chemotherapy. 1982;28(4):241-6.
Pharmacokinetics of phenoxymethylpenicillin in volunteers.
Josefsson K, Bergan T.
Pharmacokinetics of phenoxymethylpenicillin was studied in 12 healthy volunteers. They received four different single oral dose sizes. At all dose levels (0.4, 1, 2 and 3 g) phenoxymethylpenicillin was rapidly absorbed, usually with serum peaks within 0.75 h. The mean maximal serum peaks (+/- SD) were 6.1 +/- 2.0, 15.0 +/- 4.3, 26.3 +/- 10.0 and 35.5 +/- 10.8 mg/l after 0.4, 1, 2 and 3 g, respectively. The relationship between the mean peak serum concentrations and the doses was nonlinear (p less than 0.001). The mean areas under the serum concentrations vs. time curve (AUC) increased almost linearly with increasing doses, and the deviation from linearity was not significant (p less than 0.05). Very low penicillin concentrations were obtained in saliva. The urinary excretion during 10 h was 37--43% of the doses given. The pharmacokinetic results indicated that phenoxymethyl penicillin in the present formulation is rapidly and well absorbed up to as high doses as 3 g. The tablet formulations used were better absorbed than previous ones. The percent of absorption was relatively lower with the highest doses, but this probably has only minor therapeutic consequences.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6811219&dopt=Abstract
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