Drugs online research references
Helv Paediatr Acta. 1982;37(1):83-8.
Acute sinusitis in children - results of different therapeutic regimens.
Helin I, Andreasson L, Jannert M, Pettersson H.
The clinical material consisted of 92 children aged 1-15 years with symptoms and signs of acute sinusitis, roentgenologically verified. Sixty-one were treated with penicillin-V, 16 with pivampicillin, and 15 with erythromycin. Decongesting therapy was given to all. Altogether 77 (83.7%) were cured by a single 10-day course of treatment. The initial success rate did not vary with the type of antibiotic used. Children treated with penicillin-V had, however, a high relapse rate with H. influenzae. Because of growth of H. influenzae, 15 patients required 2 or 3 courses of treatment. The study shows that acute sinusitis in children is usually an uncomplicated disease. Almost all children will improve during a single 10-day course of treatment with antibiotics and decongestants provided that the antibiotic chosen is one to which H. influenzae is susceptible. It is therefore stressed that if penicillin-V is used as the drug of choice in acute sinusitis, the dose must be large enough to eradicate H. influenzae. As judged from this study, adenoidectomy and intranasal antrostomy are rarely indicated.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6806215&dopt=Abstract
Infection. 1982;10(2):120-4.
Impact of different betalactam antibiotics on the normal human flora, and colonization of the oral cavity, throat and colon.
Heimdahl A, Kager L, Malmborg AS, Nord CE.
Phenoxymethylpenicillin was given orally in doses of 800 mg twice daily for seven days to six patients, and bacampicillin was given in doses of 400 mg three times per day for seven days to another six patients. Saliva, throat and faecal specimens were taken for cultivation of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Only small changes in the normal saliva and throat flora were observed, and no changes in the faecal flora were noticed during the observation period. Cefoxitin was administered parenterally in doses of 2 g at 6 h intervals for 12 h to six other patients. Pronounced changes in the colon flora occurred. Of the aerobic bacteria, enterobacteria decreased and cefoxitin-resistant enterococci increased in number; of the anaerobic bacteria, gram-negative rods decreased in number. At the end of the administration period, all cefoxitin-resistant strains decreased, and suppressed enterobacteria and bacteroides increased in number.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6807848&dopt=Abstract
J Endod. 2002 May;28(5):396-404.
Antibiotic use by members of the American Association of Endodontists in the year 2000: report of a national survey.
Yingling NM, Byrne BE, Hartwell GR.
The purpose of this study was to determine the prescribing habits of active members of the American Association of Endodontists (AAE) with regard to antibiotics. A one-page, double-sided questionnaire was sent to the active members of the AAE living in the United States. The 1999 mailing list of 3203 members was obtained from the AAE, and the return rate was 50.1% (1606 surveys). With a sample size over 1000, the study was able to distinguish differences to within 0.5% with power = 80% (at alpha = 5%). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests of independence. Penicillin VK, 500 mg, 4 times a day, was the first choice antibiotic prescribed by 61.48% of respondents. Clindamycin (Cleocin), 150 mg, 4 times a day, was selected by 29.59%. For those patients with a penicillin allergy, 57.03% prescribed clindamycin and various erythromycin preparations were prescribed by 26.65%. A loading dose was used by 85.14%. The average duration of antibiotic therapy was 7.58 days. Those respondents involved in academics, either part-time or full-time, were significantly more likely to prescribe penicillin VK, 500 mg, 4 times a day at a rate of 85% versus those in part-time or full-time private practice at a rate of 67%. For cases of irreversible pulpitis, 16.76% of responding endodontists prescribed antibiotics. For the scenario of a necrotic pulp, acute apical periodontitis, and no swelling, 53.93% prescribed antibiotics. Almost 12% prescribed antibiotics for necrotic pulps with chronic apical periodontitis and a sinus tract. For the most part, the majority of the members of the AAE were selecting the appropriate antibiotic for use in orofacial infections, but there are still many who are prescribing antibiotics inappropriately. Although there were trends of improvement in some areas with regards to prescribing antibiotics, there were other areas where there had been no improvement in 25 years. Unless these trends change, our generation and those to come may not have effective antibiotics for use in the management of true orofacial infections.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12026927&dopt=Abstract
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