Drugs online research references
Am J Vet Res. 1980 Jul;41(7):1123-5.
Urine concentrations of five penicillins following oral administration to normal adult dogs.
Ling GV, Conzelman GM Jr, Franti CE, Ruby AL.
Penicillin G, penicillin V, ampicillin, hetacillin, and amoxicillin were administered separately per os to clinically normal adult dogs of both sexes at 8-hour intervals for five consecutive 8-hour test periods. All urine was collected from each dog during each test period and was assayed for antimicrobial activity. Daily doses of the antimicrobics used were as follows: penicillin G, 110,000 U/kg of body weight; penicillin V, 77 mg/kg; ampicillin, 77 mg/kg; hetacillin, 77 mg/kg; and amoxicillin, 33 mg/kg. Mean 8-hour urine concentrations (+/- 1 SD) were as follows: penicillin G, 294 +/- 210 U/ml; penicillin V, 148 +/- 98 micrograms/ml; ampicillin, 309 +/- 55 micrograms/ml; hetacillin, 300 +/- 156 micrograms/ml, and amoxicillin 201 +/- 93 micrograms/ml. Among the three antimicrobials administered at the same daily dosage, ie, penicillin V, ampicillin, and hetacillin, the mean urine concentrations of penicillin V were significantly lower (P < 0.01) than were concentrations of ampicillin and hetacillin. The mean urine concentrations of the latter two did not differ significantly (P > 0.05).
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6776855&dopt=Abstract
Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol Suppl. 1980 May-Jun;89(3 Pt 2):275-7.
Concentration of penicillin V in serum and middle ear exudate during treatment of acute otitis media.
Ingvarsson L, Kamme C, Lundgren K.
Sixty-one patients, aged six months to ten years, with acute purulent otitis media were treated with penicillin V for ten days. The drug was given twice a day in a total daily dose of 50 mg/kg body weight. The concentration of penicillin was determined in serum and in middle ear exudate on one of the first six days of treatment, 60, 120 or 180 minutes after administration of the drug. Bacterial cultures were taken from the nasopharynx before and during treatment and from the middle ear exudate at the time of myringotomy. The serum level of penicillin decreased during treatment. There was also a decrease in penicillin concentration of the middle ear exudate during treatment. This decrease was most pronounced during the first two days. In a few cases Haemophilus influenzae was found in the middle ear exudate during treatment. In these cases the concentration of penicillin in the exudate was found to be higher than the mean concentration at corresponding times. The rapid decrease in the exudate concentration of the drug two to three days after the beginning of therapy may suggest that the patients responded to the treatment and that it is the initial concentration that decides whether an infection will respond to the therapy. High exudate concentrations later on seem to be due mainly to a continuation of the inflammatory reaction and had slight or no clinical effect. Thus, the present investigation produced no strong evidence for a ten-day treatment compared with, for example, a five-day treatment.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6778325&dopt=Abstract
Int J Oral Surg. 1980 Aug;9(4):274-80.
Relationship between bacterial contamination and alveolitis after third molar surgery.
Krekmanov L, Hallander HO.
The frequency of alveolitis after third molar surgery was studied in three groups of 40 patients each. One group was premedicated with penicillin V, another with scopolamine, and the third group received no premedication. The respective frequencies of alveolitis were 5, 2.5 and 32.5 % (P less than 0.01 and P less than 0.001). The aerobic flora in blood sampled from the socket before suturing was significantly reduced (P less than 0.05) in the penicillin group as compared with the controls. In alveolar blood clot sampled 48 h postoperatively, both aerobes and anaerobes were significantly diminished (P less than 0.01). The concentration of penicillin V in alveolar blood ranged from 0.8 to 9.5 mg/l. The total bacterial content in alveolar blood before suturing showed poor correlation with the development of alveolitis. Abundant growth of aerobes was found, however, in 75 % of the patients with alveolitis, but in only 47 % of those without this complication.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6780476&dopt=Abstract
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