Drugs online research references
Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 2000 Apr;48(4):529-36.
Improved synthesis of paroxetine hydrochloride propan-2-ol solvate through one of metabolites in humans, and characterization of the solvate crystals.
Sugi K, Itaya N, Katsura T, Igi M, Yamazaki S, Ishibashi T, Yamaoka T, Kawada Y, Tagami Y, Otsuki M, Ohshima T.
Central Research Laboratories, Sumika Fine Chemicals Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan.
Paroxetine, a potent and selective inhibitor of 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) uptake, was prepared through a piperidine derivative, which was reported to be one of the paroxetine metabolites in humans. Thus, the piperidine derivative was converted to its N-tert-butoxycarbonyl (N-Boc) derivative, which was then converted to N-Boc paroxetine. Paroxetine hydrochloride propan-2-ol (isopropyl alcohol (IPA)) solvate crystals were directly obtained from the N-Boc paroxetine by adding hydrogen chloride to the N-Boc paroxetine IPA solution. The amount of IPA content in the crystals was reduced by drying with a continuous change of powder X-ray diffraction patterns. Other characterizations of the solvate crystals were also conducted.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10783073&dopt=Abstract
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Formulary. 1995 Sep;30 Suppl 1:S20-5.
Pharmacoeconomic issues in the treatment of depression.
Cohen LJ.
College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City 73117, USA.
The goal of pharmacoeconomics is to define the cost and value of different treatment strategies. The cost-effectiveness analysis, one model used in the study of pharmacoeconomics, considers not only the cost of the drug itself, but also the labor costs associated with physician and pharmacy visits, and expenses for laboratory testing. Drugs that require more intensive medical surveillance, either for dose adjustments or overall management of treatment-related side effects, can escalate costs. In the case of antidepressant drugs, various cost-effectiveness analyses have shown that the total cost of disease management is similar for generic tricyclics and the more expensive selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. This outcome is due to the higher labor costs associated with tricyclics that offset their acquisition cost advantage. The application of cost-effectiveness studies in formulary decision-making and clinical practice guidelines, will maximize the use of health care resources.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10151739&dopt=Abstract
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matat.health.gov.il
Decreased central serotonergic activity has been associated with aggressive behavior in humans and animals. Whether or not this phenomenon is related to current aggression or to aggressive tendency is debatable. [3H]paroxetine binding in blood platelets represents the activity of serotonin peripheral binding sites. We investigated a possible association between [3H]paroxetine binding in blood platelets and current aggression or homicidal history in schizophrenic patients. Blood platelets of 11 aggressive schizophrenic patients were assayed for [3H]paroxetine binding in blood platelets and compared to findings in 15 non-aggressive schizophrenic patients, 15 presently non-aggressive schizophrenic patients with homicidal history, and 15 healthy volunteers. Clinical evaluation was performed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression and the Clinical Global Impression scale. B(max) of [3H]paroxetine binding in blood platelets of currently aggressive schizophrenic patients was significantly higher than that in platelets of non-aggressive schizophrenic patients, presently non-aggressive patients with homicidal history and healthy volunteers. No difference was found between the last three study groups. No significant correlation was found between scores of all rating scales and the investigated biochemical parameters. An association was found between current aggression among schizophrenic patients and high B(max) values of [3H]paroxetine binding in blood platelets. This association is probably related to present state of aggression rather than to tendency towards aggression.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10788680&dopt=Abstract
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