Drugs online research references
J Affect Disord. 1997 Oct;46(1):59-67.
Concomitant use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors with other cytochrome P450 2D6 or 3A4 metabolized medications: how often does it really happen?
Gregor KJ, Way K, Young CH, James SP.
Outcomes Research, PCS Health Systems, Inc., Scottsdale, Arizona 85260, USA.
This study retrospectively examines the one-month concomitant use of cytochrome P450 2D6 or 3A4 metabolized medications in 544,309 patients who were also receiving selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Overall, 25.53% of SSRI patients experienced concomitant use with at least one of the 33 studied CYP 2D6 or 3A4 metabolized medications. Certain drugs and drug classes were more likely to be used concurrently among SSRI patients (e.g., benzodiazepines, tricyclic antidepressants, calcium channel blockers). Similarly, of the SSRI patients experiencing concomitant use, this concurrent use was twice as likely with cytochrome P450 medications metabolized by the 3A4 isoenzyme as with those metabolized by the 2D6 isoenzyme. Finally, the vast majority (80.9%) of SSRI patients experiencing concomitant use did so with one CYP 2D6 or 3A4 metabolized medication. In sum, concomitant use generally was not extensive and did not appear to be differential among the fluoxetine, paroxetine, or sertraline patient comparison groups.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9387087&dopt=Abstract
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Eur J Pharmacol. 1997 Oct 29;338(1):17-23.
A simple probe measures the pharmacokinetics of[125I]RTI-55 in mouse brain in vivo.
Mochizuki T, Villemagne VL, Scheffel U, Liu X, Musachio JL, Dannals RF, Wagner HN Jr.
Division of Nuclear Medicine, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21205-2179, USA.
A simple external radiation detector system was used to assess brain dopamine and serotonin transporters in mice in vivo using [125I]RTI-55. The results were compared to ex vivo dissection data. Methyl 3beta-(4-iodophenyl) tropane-2beta-carboxic acid methyl ester (RTI-55 or beta-CIT), a high-affinity cocaine antagonist, binds to presynaptic dopamine and serotonin transporters in the brain. Radiotracer accumulation increased for the first 150 min after intravenous injection and then remained constant. When unlabeled RTI-55 was injected, either before or 60 min after radiotracer administration, a significant decrease in tracer accumulation was observed. [125I]RTI-55 binding was also displaced by blocking doses of 1-[2-[bis(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy]ethyl]-4-[3-phenylpropyl]piperazine dihydrochloride (GBR 12909) and paroxetine. The results were similar to the ex vivo dissection data. The results demonstrate the feasibility of using the probe detector system to study the presynaptic transporter system in vivo in the mouse brain. The technique is applicable to other cerebral neurotransmitter systems.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9407999&dopt=Abstract
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Am J Psychiatry. 2000 Feb;157(2):185-9.
Paroxetine in human breast milk and nursing infants.
Stowe ZN, Cohen LS, Hostetter A, Ritchie JC, Owens MJ, Nemeroff CB.
Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of infant medication exposure through breast-feeding during maternal treatment with paroxetine. METHOD: Breast milk and paired maternal and infant sera were collected after 10 days of maternal treatment with paroxetine at a stable daily dose (10-50 mg/day). All samples were analyzed by means of high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection and a limit of detection of 2 ng/ml. RESULTS: Breast milk paroxetine concentrations were highly variable (2-101 ng/ml) and were present in all breast milk samples (N=108). A significant gradient effect was observed, with greater paroxetine concentrations found in later portions of breast milk (hind milk) than in early portions (fore milk). No clear time course of paroxetine excretion into breast milk was demonstrated, although maternal paroxetine daily dose reliably predicted both trough and peak breast milk concentrations over a 24-hour period. In 16 mother and infant serum pairs, no detectable concentrations of paroxetine were found in the serum of the nursing infants. CONCLUSIONS: This study extends previous data by demonstrating the presence of paroxetine in the breast milk of nursing women treated with this medication. The low concentrations of paroxetine in infant serum and lack of any observable adverse effects after maternal use of this medication while breast-feeding parallels the available data on other selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10671385&dopt=Abstract
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