Drugs online research references
Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 1999 Nov;21(9):599-601.
Effects of repeated selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor paroxetine treatments on mouse forced swimming.
Akagawa Y, Masuda Y, Maruyama A, Shimizu T, Hishikawa Y.
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Akita University School of Medicine, Japan.
Studies were performed in the mouse forced swimming model, a well known experimental depression model, in order to detect the mechanism of the antidepressive effects induced by repeated serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) dosing. Five-day repeat dosing of a typical SSRI, paroxetine, increased climbing, a distinctive antidepressive behavior, 1 h after but not 1 h before treatment. The coinjection of paroxetine and serum in mice treated with four repeated doses of paroxetine distinctively increased the behavior, but the coinjection of paroxetine and serum in mice without paroxetine did not. These results indicate that repeated dosing of paroxetine produces a serum substance related to the antidepressive effects induced by serotonin neuron activities. Furthermore, the behavior induced by 5-day repeated dosing of paroxetine was decreased by 100 and 10 micrograms/kg of ketanserin (5-HT2 antagonist) and 100 micrograms/kg of LY-278584 (5-HT3 antagonist). The present findings strongly suggest that repeated dosing of paroxetine produces a serum substance stimulating the antidepressive neuronal pathway sensitively mediated by 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 receptor activity.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10669904&dopt=Abstract
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Am J Physiol. 1997 Nov;273(5 Pt 2):R1669-75.
Prenatal dexamethasone exposure alters brain monoamine metabolism and adrenocortical response in rat offspring.
Muneoka K, Mikuni M, Ogawa T, Kitera K, Kamei K, Takigawa M, Takahashi K.
Department of Neuropsychiatry, Kagoshima University Faculty of Medicine, Japan.
In this study, it has been clearly demonstrated that prenatal dexamethasone treatment (Dex; 0.05 mg/kg on gestational days 17, 18, and 19) resulted in the significant reductions of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) turnover in four brain regions, including the neocortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and midbrain + pons-medulla (M + P-M) but not in the striatum in the offspring at 3 and 14 wk of life, as well as dopamine turnover in the hypothalamus. [3H]paroxetine binding densities were increased in the hypothalamus and M + P-M at 14 wk of life, which corresponded to increased 5-HT contents in both regions. On the other hand, significantly lower norepinephrine contents in the neocortex and hippocampus were observed in the Dex group compared with the control group at 14 wk of life. In addition, the exposure to new environmental condition elevated blood corticosterone levels and enhanced behavioral activities to a greater extent in the Dex group than in controls at 7 wk of life, suggesting that elevated glucocorticoid levels during the pregnancy mimicked prenatal mild stress, producing developmental alterations in brain monoamine metabolism, endocrine response, and behavior in adult offspring.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9374808&dopt=Abstract
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Clin Ther. 1997 Jul-Aug;19(4):798-810.
Prescribing of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, anxiolytics, and sedative-hypnotics by general practitioners in The Netherlands: a multivariate analysis.
Pathiyal A, Hylan TR, Jones JK, Davtian D, Sverdlov L, Keyser M.
Degge Group, Ltd., Arlington, Virginia, USA.
A study of the prescribing of anxiolytics and sedative-hypnotics and the occurrence of anxiety or sleep disorders before and after the initiation of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) therapy may provide insight into differences in individual SSRIs. The purpose of our study was to evaluate whether and in what way the likelihood of being prescribed an anxiolytic or sedative-hypnotic or receiving a diagnosis of an anxiety or sleep disorder differed in patients prescribed either fluoxetine or paroxetine by a general practitioner (GP) in the Netherlands, where these two agents are the most commonly prescribed SSRIs. Episodes of SSRI treatment were constructed from a recently available GP database in the Netherlands. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine whether, after controlling for other observable factors, the receipt of paroxetine or fluoxetine was a statistically significant determinant for receipt of an anxiolytic or sedative-hypnotic or a diagnosis of an anxiety or sleep disorder. We found that patients who were prescribed fluoxetine as their index drug were less likely to receive a concomitant sedative-hypnotic on their index date compared with patients receiving paroxetine. After controlling for other observable factors, such as use of anxiolytics and sedative-hypnotics before SSRI therapy or on the index date or the existence of comorbid anxiety or sleep disorders, patients starting fluoxetine therapy were no more likely than patients starting paroxetine therapy to receive an anxiolytic or sedative-hypnotic or a diagnosis of an anxiety or sleep disorder during the 60-day post period. The likelihood of a patient's being diagnosed with or receiving a prescription for an anxiety or sleep disorder does not appear to be a differentiating factor between the prescribing of fluoxetine or paroxetine by GPs in the Netherlands.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9377622&dopt=Abstract
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