Drugs online research references
J Sleep Res. 1996 Sep;5(3):195-7.
Sleep-related painful erections: clinical and polysomnographic features.
Ferini-Strambi L, Oldani A, Zucconi M, Castronovo V, Montorsi F, Rigatti P, Smirne S.
Sleep Disorders Centre, University of Milano, Italy.
The aim of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics and the polysomnographic findings of a sample of patients affected by sleep-related painful erections (SRPE). In a 6-y period 18 patients were diagnosed as having SRPE. The mean age at the onset of the disease was 39.8 +/- 11.6 y and the mean duration of SRPE was 5.4 +/- 3.5 y. According to ICSD criteria, about 60% of patients had a severe form of the disease. None of the patients met any DSM IV Axis-I and Axis-II diagnoses. Twelve patients complained of excessive daytime sleepiness. SRPE patients, compared to age-matched controls, showed a reduced sleep efficiency, an increased wake after sleep onset and a reduced percentage of REM sleep. This study confirms that in SRPE there are no clear predisposing factors, no familial pattern, but REM sleep fragmentation. Concerning the pharmacological treatment, in the history of patients, propranolol and paroxetine, but not amitriptiline and lorazepam, showed a temporary efficacy in some patients.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8956210&dopt=Abstract
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Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1996 Dec;42(6):757-63.
A comparison of the post-marketing safety of four selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors including the investigation of symptoms occurring on withdrawal.
Price JS, Waller PC, Wood SM, MacKay AV.
Post-Licensing Division, Medicines Control Agency, Vauxhall, London, UK.
1. We have addressed the question of whether there is a 'serotonin withdrawal syndrome' by analysis of spontaneous reports of suspected adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with four SSRIs. A comparison of the post-marketing safety profiles of the four SSRIs has also been made. 2. The UK database of ADRs was examined for reactions associated with fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine and sertraline. The safety profiles of the four SSRIs were similar. However, withdrawal reactions with paroxetine constitute a greater proportion of reports (5.1%) than with the other SSRIs (0.06-0.9%). They have been reported more often with paroxetine (0.3 reports per thousand prescriptions) than with sertraline and fluvoxamine (0.03), and least often with fluoxetine (0.002). 3. Descriptions of withdrawal reactions received and further details of 217 reports of withdrawal reaction with paroxetine obtained by mailing a questionnaire to the reporting doctor were examined. Withdrawal symptoms were diverse but most commonly comprised dizziness, paraesthesia, tremor, anxiety, nausea and palpitation. They usually occurred after 2 days and lasted for an average of 10 days. There was no evidence of a physical drug dependency syndrome. 4. Symptoms different from the previous depressive illness occur after discontinuing an SSRI, and are reported most often with paroxetine. Paroxetine is the most pharmacologically specific of the SSRIs, but it is not clear whether the reactions constitute a 'serotonin withdrawal syndrome'.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8971432&dopt=Abstract
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Neuroreport. 1999 Nov 26;10(17):3675-80.
Alpha-lipoic acid prevents 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA)-induced neurotoxicity.
Aguirre N, Barrionuevo M, Ramirez MJ, Del Rio J, Lasheras B.
Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
A single administration of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, 20 mg/kg, i.p.), induced significant hyperthermia in rats and reduced 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) content and [3H]paroxetine-labeled 5-HT transporter density in the frontal cortex, striatum and hippocampus by 40-60% 1 week later. MDMA treatment also increased glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoreactivity in the hippocampus. Repeated administration of the metabolic antioxidant alpha-lipoic acid (100 mg/kg, i.p., b.i.d. for 2 consecutive days) 30 min prior to MDMA did not prevent the acute hyperthermia induced by the drug; however, it fully prevented the serotonergic deficits and the changes in the glial response induced by MDMA. These results further support the hypothesis that free radical formation is responsible for MDMA-induced neurotoxicity.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10619665&dopt=Abstract
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