Drugs online research references
J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1988 Dec;8(6):428-33.
Hydroxydesipramine in the elderly.
Nelson JC, Atillasoy E, Mazure C, Jatlow PI.
Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510.
Elevation of the hydroxy metabolites of the tricyclic antidepressants in the elderly has been demonstrated for nortriptyline and suggested for desipramine by a study reporting elevated hydroxydesipramine (OH-DMI) plasma levels in four older patients. In the current study, patients treated with desipramine (DMI) were studied to determine whether OH-DMI was elevated in two larger samples of depressed elderly patients and to determine the magnitude of the increase, if present. In Sample I, which consisted of 68 patients of whom 23 were over 60 years of age, a fixed target dose of DMI was employed. Sample II, in which 20 of the 56 patients were over 60, received a dose adjusted to attain a fixed target DMI blood level. OH-DMI levels were higher in patients over 60 than in younger patients but the differences were not significant in either sample individually. In the two samples combined, average OH-DMI levels were 11 ng/ml higher in patients over 60 and the difference was significant (t = 2.30, p = 0.02). If variations in dose are accounted for, OH-DMI concentrations are positively correlated with age in both samples. OH-DMI/DMI ratios were not higher in the patients over 60 in these samples, but OH-DMI/DMI ratios may be higher in patients on lower doses with low DMI levels, as is common in the treatment of elderly patients. If comparable dosage is administered, nonlinear increases in DMI levels result in lower OH-DMI/DMI ratios similar to those in younger patients. Although our findings of elevated hydroxy levels in the elderly are consistent with prior reports, the clinical importance of an 11 ng/ml difference, particularly in relation to total drug levels averaging 220 ng/ml, is questioned.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3235701&dopt=Abstract
Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi. 1980 Sep;76(6):479-93.
[Neurochemical and electroencephalographical studies on the central actions of mianserin (author's transl)]
[Article in Japanese]
Sakai Y, Matsui Y.
A new antidepressant, mianserin (GB-94, Organon), and other known antidepressants, imipramine (IMP), desipramine (DPM), chlorimipramine (CIP), amitriptyline (ATP) and nortriptyline (NTP) were orally administered to respective groups of 25 mice for consecutive weeks, and changes in monoamine metabolisms in the brain were investigated, neurochemically. On the basis of significant difference from the control group, mianserin 20 mg/kg and DPM 20 mg/kg produced no change of the brain contents of DA and 5-HT; IMP 50 mg/kg and CIP 40 mg/kg did not alter NA and DA values, but did decrease 5-HT levels; ATP 30 mg/kg increased only the amount of NA, left unchanged the DA and 5-HT levels, and NTP 20 mg/kg raised the levels of DA and 5-HT, but had no effect on NA. Mianserin, IMP and DPM all facilitated the decrease of both NE and DA as induced by pre-administration of alpha-methyltyrosine, the substance known to reduce the level of catecholamines. Both NTP and CTP showed no notable effect. ATP suppressed the reduction of the DA level. Accumulation of 5-HIAA induced 1 hour after treatment with probenecid 250 mg/kg was enhanced by mianserin 20 mg/kg, NTP 20/kg and IMP 25 mg/kg, but was not significantly affected by CIP, DPM and ATP. These results suggest that mianserin activated both the NE and 5-HT metabolic systems, IMP activated the NE system in general, but activated the 5-HT system only at low doses and tended to suppress the formation of 5-HT, in high doses; CIP had no effect on the NE system and suppressed 5-HT system, in high doses. The arousal response of hippocampal EEG in the chronic EEG of the rabbit, induced by physostigmine 0.05 mg/kg, i.v., was suppressed by IMP, ATP and CIP, while DMP and NTP were uneffected. Mianserin, rather maintained and prolong the arousal reaction. Observations made on arousal and sleep phases in long time recording of chronic spontaneous EEG in the rat showed a dose-dependent shortening of the para-sleep phase by mianserin in doses over 30 mg/kg and IMP in doses over 5 mg/kg. ATP 15 mg/kg showed a tendency to shorten the para-sleep. Hippocampal and cerebral cortical EEGs at arousal and slow wave stages were analyzed using a signal processor. The power spectra thus obtained showed no significant difference between the effects of mianserin and IMP.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7203282&dopt=Abstract
Pharmacol Toxicol. 1987 Nov;61(5):335-41.
Glucuronidation of the enantiomers of E-10-hydroxynortriptyline in human and rat liver microsomes.
Dumont E, von Bahr C, Perry TL Jr, Bertilsson L.
Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge University Hospital, Sweden.
Conjugation of racemic E-10-hydroxynortriptyline (E-10-OH-NT) with glucuronic acid was studied in the liver microsomal fraction of rats and humans. The diastereomeric glucuronides of E-10-OH-NT were resolved and quantitated by HPLC. Only the (+)-enantiomer was glucuronidated in liver microsomes from humans. Rat liver microsomes catalyzed the formation of both glucuronides. Phenobarbital pretreatment of rats increased the glucuronidation of both enantiomers about five-fold. The formation rate of (+)-E-10-OH-NT glucuronide varied from 5.5 to 33.2 pmol/mg x min, in microsomes from 13 humans. High activity was found in individuals previously treated with pentobarbital. Inhibition experiments with human liver microsomes showed that amitriptyline is a potent competitive inhibitor of (+)-E-10-OH-NT glucuronidation. p-Nitrophenol, paracetamol and 2-hydroxydesipramine also inhibited this reaction.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3125532&dopt=Abstract
Herbs and Pharmaceuticals Online ||
Hair Million herbal formula for hair loss and hair growth ||
Wellstreet online pharmacy for click-order prescription medications ||
Altace Online Pharmacy ||
Rx Drugs USA, Prescription Drugs Online Pharmacy ||
Insurance plans and information ||
Insurance policies for all purposes ||
Antibiotics and prescription medications online literature ||