Drugs online research references
Br J Pharmacol. 1977 Oct;61(2):307-13.
Effects of mianserin, a new antidepressant, on the in vitro and in vivo uptake of monoamines.
Goodlet I, Mireylees SE, Sugrue MF.
1 The effects of mianserin and of selected tricyclic antidepressants were compared in a number of monoamine uptake models. 2 The ability of mianserin to block the noradrenergic neurone membrane amine pump of rabbit brain stem slices was comparable to that of imipramine and amitriptyline and less than that of desipramine and nortriptyline. Both mianserin and desipramine were competitive inhibitors of noradrenaline uptake in vitro. The effect of mianserin on noradrenaline uptake in vivo was studied both peripherally and centrally. The ability of 6-hydroxydopamine to lower rat heart noradrenaline levels was found to be very sensitive to inhibition by tricyclic antidepressants. Mianserin was active in this model. However, its ability to block the 6-hydroxydopamine-induced fall in rat heart noradrenaline concentration was appreciably less than that of the tricyclics studied. 3 Mianserin, like tricyclic antidepressants, was essentially devoid of effect on dopamine uptake both in vitro and in vivo. 4 The ability of mianserin to inhibit [3H]-5-hydroxytryptamine uptake by rat hypothalamic synaptosomes was appreciably less than that of the tricyclic antidepressants studied. Mianserin was essentially devoid of effect on rat brain 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake in vivo. 5 It is concluded that in certain situations large doses of mianserin may block noradrenaline uptake in vivo. However, in no way does mianserin rival tricyclic antidepressants in blocking monoamine uptake in vivo. The clinical efficacy of mianserin cannot be attributed to inhibition of monoamine uptake.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=922259&dopt=Abstract
Clin Biochem. 1976 Oct;9(5):247-51.
Estimation of amitriptyline and its metabolites in serum and urine by GLC using nitrogen-specific detector.
Gupta RN, Molnar G, Hill RE, Gupta ML.
1. A gas-chromatographic procedure for the estimation of amitriptyline and its metabolites in serum and urine using a nitrogen-specific detector is described. Specially cleaned glassware and purified solvents are used for the extraction of serum to further minimize extraneous peaks. Trimethylamine is added to serum before extraction to improve the recovery of drugs. Urine is refluxed at pH approximately 1 to hydrolyze the conjugates and to convert hydroxymetabolites to corresponding dehydro compounds. Serum is not hydrolyzed. 2. Two internal standards, one a tertiary amine similar in structure to amitriptyline and the other a secondary amine similar in structure to nortriptyline, are added to the specimen prior to extraction to obviate the need for accurate measurements of volumes during extraction and analysis. Urine and serum are washed with organic solvents at acidic pH to remove neutral and acidic impurities. Secondary bases are converted to their acetyl derivatives. 3. In the serum of a patient who is on amitriptyline therapy or who has ingested an overdose of amitriptyline, nortriptyline, a pharmacologically active metabolite is also measured. However, detection or estimation of hydroxymetabolites in serum is not clinically relevant. Hydroxylation index of an individual patient is determined by measuring the ratio of nortriptyline to its hydroxymetabolite in urine. 4. Amitriptyline and nortriptyline can be estimated in serum at a lower level of 10 and 20 ng/ml respectively. The procedure is linear over a wide range of amitriptyline and its metabolites. The use of an electronic integrator allows the estimation of different compounds with 100 fold difference in their concentration from the same chromatogram.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=975495&dopt=Abstract
Int J Psychiatry Med. 1995;25(2):191-201.
Male sexual side effects associated with antidepressants: a descriptive clinical study of 32 patients.
Hsu JH, Shen WW.
Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, MO 63104, USA.
OBJECTIVE: This is a retrospective study to add to the existing body of clinical information regarding male sexual side effects associated with antidepressants. From the chart review, thirty-four out of eighty male patients were identified to have reported loss of libido, erectile difficulty, anorgasmia, and delayed ejaculation while receiving pharmacotherapy of selective serotonin reuptake blockers (fluoxetine, paroxetine, and sertraline); tricyclic antidepressants (nortriptyline, imipramine, amitriptyline, desipramine, and clomipramine); and a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (phenelzine). METHOD: The authors also discussed the management of these sexual side effects by waiting for spontaneous remission, reducing the dosage level, and substituting the offending drug with other antidepressants. RESULTS: This article underscores the underreported nature of antidepressant-associated sexual dysfunction, the high incidence of SSRI-associated sexual side effects, equal potentials in causing sexual side effects among the three SSRI's, the low incidence rate of sexual adverse effects from bupropion, and the minimal need to add an antidote if the side effects are to be managed systematically. CONCLUSIONS: Finally, male sexual side effects can occur randomly and involve any sexual phase randomly, and the treatment approaches are similar, regardless of the types of sexual dysfunction associated with antidepressants.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7591493&dopt=Abstract
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