Drugs online research references
J Neural Transm. 1983;57(4):281-95.
Some effects of chronic antidepressant treatments on rat brain monoaminergic systems.
Sugrue MF.
A range of established and putative antidepressant therapies were studied for the effect of their long-term administration on two facets of presynaptic monoaminergic functioning in rat brain, namely NE, DA, and 5-HT turnover and alpha 2-adrenoceptor sensitivity. Unless stated otherwise drugs (10 mg/kg) were injected i.p. twice daily for 14 days. ECT (100 mA for 1 s) was applied once daily for 10 days. Changes in turnover were indirectly assessed by measuring levels of metabolites. Brain levels of MHPG-SO4 were unchanged by chronic amitriptyline, imipramine, nisoxetine (20 mg/kg), nortriptyline, salbutamol (5 mg/kg), and ECT. Amitriptyline elicited a slight, but significant, increase in brain DOPAC content. Brain levels of 5-HIAA were increased by amitriptyline, imipramine, salbutamol, and ECT. An overall view of the results indicates that no common pattern of change was elicited by the range of antidepressant therapies studied. Central alpha 2-adrenoceptor sensitivity was assessed by investigating the effect of various therapies on the ability of clonidine (25 mg/kg i.p.) to decrease rat brain MHPG-SO4 content. The clonidine-induced fall was attenuated by desipramine, imipramine, and ECT. Amitriptyline, iprindole, mianserin, nisoxetine, nortriptyline, Org 6582 (10 mg/kg once daily), pargyline (25 mg/kg once daily), salbutamol, and trazodone were ineffective. The following chronic antidepressant therapies were investigated for their effect on rat frontal cortex 3H-clonidine binding: amitriptyline, desipramine, imipramine, iprindole, mianserin, nisoxetine, nortriptyline, pargyline, salbutamol, and ECT. CHronic, but not acute, pargyline decreased 3H-clonidine binding and this was due to a diminished number of binding sites. The induction of subsensitive presynaptic alpha 2-adrenoceptors in rat brain is not a property common to all forms of antidepressant therapies. Hence it cannot be the fundamental mode of action of antidepressants. No correlation exists between the changes in rat cortical 3H-clonidine binding and the observed changes in the sensitivity of central presynaptic alpha 2-adrenoceptors.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6197507&dopt=Abstract
Clin Biochem. 1982 Feb;15(1):56-61.
Monitoring of tricyclic antidepressant therapy.
Dawling S.
During the three-year period 1978-1980, 2141 plasma samples from 1055 patients receiving therapy with amitriptyline (77%) or nortriptyline (23%) were analysed using GLC with nitrogen selective detection. Compared to the recommended therapeutic ranges, wild inter-individual differences were observed in plasma drug concentration, even when corrections for dosage were made. Concentrations ranged from below the limit of sensitivity of the assay (5 microgram.1(-1)) to greater than 1 mg.1(-1). The reporting of toxic symptoms subjective side-effects) was found not to reliably predict high drug concentrations. Serious complications, however, were associated with high plasma drug concentrations. Neither nortriptyline nor amitriptyline displayed dose-dependent pharmacokinetics over the concentration ranges studied. Treatment with either drug produced age-related increases in drug concentration, which were more pronounced in female patients. With amitriptyline therapy, there was an age-related decrease in the plasma nortriptyline:amitriptyline ratio, suggesting that demethylation may be more influenced by increasing age than hydroxylation. Plasma drug monitoring of tricyclic antidepressant therapy is the only reliable means of ensuring that all patients receive a fair opportunity to benefit from these drugs.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7067078&dopt=Abstract
Psychosomatics. 1995 Jan-Feb;36(1):42-7.
Factors associated with antidepressant choice.
Huszonek JJ, Dewan MJ, Donnelly MP.
Psychiatry Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Syracuse, NY.
Previous studies have suggested that nonpsychiatrists tend to prescribe antidepressants (ADs) with the most side effects (SEs), whereas psychiatrists are more likely to prescribe more ADs with fewer SEs. The authors used a questionnaire to examine the antidepressant prescribing pattern, conditions for which ADs were prescribed, and SEs of concern to physicians. Of those surveyed, the psychiatrists reported prescribing significantly more nortriptyline and desipramine, whereas the nonpsychiatrists prescribed more amitriptyline. The nonpsychiatrists were more likely to prescribe ADs for pain, and they were significantly less concerned with orthostatic hypotension. Possible lower dosing and level of concern about orthostatic hypotension may be related. Further study is proposed to assess other factors that might influence AD choice.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7871133&dopt=Abstract
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