Drugs online research references
J Anal Toxicol. 1992 Mar-Apr;16(2):97-8.
Propylene glycol as a vehicle for percutaneous absorption of therapeutic agents.
Bailey DN.
Department of Pathology, University of California Medical Center, San Diego 92103-8320.
Propylene glycol (PG) was evaluated as a vehicle for the in vivo percutaneous absorption of the hydrochloride salts of desipramine, nortriptyline, procainamide, and N-acetyl-procainamide. Each drug was administered topically to hairless (hr-1/hr-1) mice in water and in aqueous 10% and 50% PG. Mean drug concentrations in blood, brain, heart, liver, and lung were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography after either two or three hours of topical absorption. The presence of PG generally enhanced the absorption of each drug, and the degree of enhancement appeared to be related to the percentage of PG in the dosing solution.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1380108&dopt=Abstract
J Auton Pharmacol. 1981 Jun;1(3):189-97.
The use of the rat right ventricle strip in studies on noradrenergic transmission.
Doggrell SA, Vincent L.
1. The possibility of using contractility studies with the rat right ventricle strip to assess the effects of drugs on all aspects of noradrenergic transmission has been examined. 2. The force of the contractile responses to field stimulation at 0.5 and 2, but not 5 Hz, markedly decreased with time. About 55% of the tissues responded directly to (-)-isoprenaline, 1 X 10(-6)M (123 tissues from 220 tested) in the absence of other stimuli. In these tissues the force of the contractile responses remained constant and the rate increased with time. Thus it is essential to provide time controls in studies with rat right ventricle. 3. Under conditions in which the responses to (-)-isoprenaline, 1 X 10(-6)M, alone were unaffected the responses to field stimulation at 5 Hz were inhibited by 66 and 86% by 9 X 10(-6)M tetrodotoxin and 1 X 10(-5)M guanethidine, respectively. (+/-)-Propranolol and timolol (both at 1 X 10(-6)M), but not phentolamine, 1 X 10(-6)M, inhibited responses to (-)-isoprenaline, 1 X 10(-6)M alone and responses to field stimulation at 5 Hz. This demonstrates that the responses to field stimulation are largely due to activation of noradrenergic nerves, the released noradrenaline acting at postsynaptic beta-adrenoreceptors. 4. Although nortriptyline is a potent inhibitor of the neuronal uptake of noradrenaline, at 1 X 10(-6)M it had no effect on the contractile responses to field stimulation at 5 Hz and inhibited responses to (-)-isoprenaline, 1 X 10(-6)M, alone and at a higher concentration (1 X 10(-5)M) nortriptyline abolished both responses. It is suggested that the rat ventricle preparation may be useful in examining the effects of drugs on noradrenergic transmission in the heart.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6121812&dopt=Abstract
Folia Psychiatr Neurol Jpn. 1984;38(1):57-64.
Simultaneous measurement of various antidepressants in the plasma of depressed patients by high performance liquid chromatography.
Yufu N, Itoh M, Notomi A, Nakao H.
A simultaneous analytical method was reported for measuring the plasma levels of amitriptyline, imipramine, clomipramine, maprotiline, nortriptyline, desipramine, desmethylclomipramine, desmethylmaprotiline and amoxapine by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The total plasma levels of each parent drug plus its desmethyl metabolite were monitored in 29 depressed patients administered with amitriptyline, maprotiline or amoxapine using the present analytical method. There were significant linear correlations between the dose per kg body weight and the total plasma levels with amitriptyline and maprotiline, but no such correlation was found with amoxapine. The ratios of total plasma levels to dose per kg body weight of these three drugs were lower in outpatients than in inpatients. These results indicate that the monitoring of plasma levels of antidepressants is useful in treating depression.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6537393&dopt=Abstract
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