Drugs online research references
Arzneimittelforschung. 1976;26(6):1098-1100.
[Proceedings: Age and sex specificity of organ distribution and metabolism of chlorprothixene and nortriptyline in the rat (author's transl)]
[Article in German]
Dell HD, Fassbender W, Kamp R, Lorenz D.
Chlorprothixene and its N-desmethyl derivative are found to be present in the brain, liver, kidneys and lungs of young animals in larger quantities and for a longer period of time than in older animals. The N-demethylation rate is significantly higher in the brain, liver, kidney and lungs of older animals than of young animals. In general, female animals show higher levels in the organs. The "youth dependent" hyper-content exceeds that of the older animals by the factor of appr. 2. For nortriptyline there is an inverse ratio, with more nortriptyline and desmethylnortriptyline in the older animals than in the young ones. The organ content is also higher in the females than in the males. The "age-dependent" hyper-content exceeds that of the younger animals by the factor of appr. 2. These results correspond roughly with the differences in toxicity.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=989386&dopt=Abstract
J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1991 Oct;11(5):313-8.
Effects of carbamazepine on serum antidepressant concentrations in psychiatric patients.
Leinonen E, Lillsunde P, Laukkanen V, Ylitalo P.
Harjamaki Hospital, Siilinjarvi, Finland.
The combination of carbamazepine and an antidepressant (doxepin, amitriptyline, mianserin) was given to 22 psychiatric inpatients with 29 measurements of their serum antidepressant concentrations. For comparison, sex-, age-, and dose-matched inpatients, treated with the antidepressant but not with carbamazepine, were selected as controls (N = 29). All the patients were treated with their routine daily dose for at least 7 days before the gas-chromatographic measurement of serum predose concentrations of the antidepressants. In patients with carbamazepine, serum doxepin and doxepin + nordoxepin concentrations (N = 17) were decreased significantly (p less than 0.05), on average to 46% and 45%, respectively, as compared to that in subjects without carbamazepine. Also in carbamazepine + amitriptyline patients, serum nortriptyline and amitriptyline + nortriptyline concentrations (N = 8) were significantly lower than in those not receiving carbamazepine (p less than 0.05). The mean serum antidepressant levels were decreased to 42% and 40%, respectively. The serum mianserin concentration of carbamazepine patients (N = 4) was reduced to 30% of that in patients not treated with carbamazepine (p less than 0.01). The percentage fractions of demethylated metabolites (nordoxepin, nortriptyline) from the total antidepressant levels were not influenced by carbamazepine. In patients treated with carbamazepine, serum total antidepressant concentrations remained more often below the suggested therapeutic ranges than in those patients without carbamazepine. The results suggest that serum antidepressant concentrations are reduced by concurrent carbamazepine therapy, and that the concentrations should be carefully monitored when carbamazepine is added to the antidepressant regimen.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1765574&dopt=Abstract
J Pharm Sci. 1978 Apr;67(4):554-5.
Intrapatient variability of serial steady-state plasma tricyclic antidepressant concentrations.
Ziegler VE, Wylie LT, Biggs JT.
Nine or 10 serial steady-state plasma measurements of amitryptyline, desipramine, desmethyldoxepin, doxepin, imipramine, nortriptyline, or protriptyline were made in 23 depressed patients. Each patient was monitored for compliance by pill counts, and sampling time was controlled carefully to determine intrapatient variability of steady-state tricyclic levels on a day-to-day basis. The coefficients of variation during serial sampling of the various ingested drugs were: amitriptyline, 21%; desipramine, 26%; doxepin, 21%; imipramine, 14%; nortriptyline, 13%; and protriptyline, 17%. The therapeutic ranges for the tricyclic antidepressants are relatively wide, so coefficients of variation of these magnitudes indicate that the position of an individual patient in relation to the optimal therapeutic range can be reliably determined on a clinical basis.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=641769&dopt=Abstract
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